Background and Aim: The poultry farming development is held back by necessity to use the concentrates with the increased number of crude protein, mycotoxicoses, and subclinical infections concentration. They make a significant impact on the liver, therefore affecting its morphofunctional condition. Antioxidants use can prevent the negative influence of these factors. This study aimed to examine the impact of feed supplements containing natural antioxidants and synthetic antioxidants. Materials and Methods: The Muscovy ducks, Hungarian White geese, and quails were the study object. Birds after hatching from eggs were split into two groups: Control and two experimental. The control group (40 birds of each species) received a normal diet in accordance with the type and age. The young ducklings, goslings, and quails of the first experimental group (30 birds of each species) received water with diisopropylammonium dichloroacetate (Dironax). The young ducklings, goslings, and quails of the second experimental group (30 birds of each species) received liquid multivitamin preparation, containing organic selenium form (Solvimin Selen) from the 1st day of the postembryonic development to the age of 60 days. We performed the weighing of the young ducklings, goslings, and quails, determined the live weight, liver weight, using the electronic scales (measurement inaccuracy is 0.02 g). To conduct the morphometric, histological, and electron microscopic studies liver, we killed the birds at the age of 1 day, 15 days, a month and 2 months during the postembryonic ontogenesis. Results: The performed overall studies allowed to determine the positive influence of the antioxidants on growth and development of the meat bird, whose body mass increased by 5-10% in comparison with the control parameters. The antioxidants use prevents the development of fatty, hydropic and parenchymal degeneration, hepatocyte and epithelial cells necrosis of the bile ducts, and connective tissue proliferation with its further fibrosis. Conclusion: This study proved that it is more effective to use well-digestible, fast-acting natural polyvitaminic antioxidant complex with selenium, starting from the 1st day of the postembryonic ontogeny.
The purpose of our study is to study the functional morphology of the Corpus Luteum (CL) of the ovaries of pregnant and infertile cows in normal and pathological conditions. For that purpose, the ovaries of cows were examined after slaughter, histological and histochemical examination of the CL was carried out. For the antemortem examination of the ovary, the biopsy method developed by us was used. The effect of the synthetic analogy of prostaglandin F2α-Klatiram was studied experimentally. It was established that the CL and luteal formations of the ovaries of those animals had significant changes in structure, which allowed us to develop morphological markers for diagnosing their morphofunctional state. It was found that the mass and size of the CL increases by two months, decreases by three months and then remain relatively stable. There is a growth of antral follicles that reach a size of more than 1 cm and then they undergo atresia of the obliteration type. The CL of the ovary cycle reaches its maximum development in the first ten or twelve days. Later, against the background of venous hyperemia and atrophic changes, it decreases, the lobulation of the parenchyma disappears and the vessels sclerose (the stage of involution). A method of biopsy of the bovine ovaries has been developed. The use of this method, with the experimental introduction of a synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2a, has proved that luteolytic processes in the CL of the ovary cycle develop due to violations of the microcirculatory bloodstream, development of necrobiotic processes in the parenchyma and stromal vascular dystrophy of the mesenchyma of the gland.
The paper presents the studies on morphological changes in cattle with a different number of fascioles in liver (up to 70 fascioles and up to 250 specimen). A total of 127 heads of 2-4-year-old cattle from the farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan were examined. The diagnosis of fasciolosis was based on epizootological data, clinical indicators, and detection of fasciola eggs in faeces by successive washes of faeces. After slaughter 3 groups of 5 animals were selected based on pathoanatomic, helminthological diagnosis and fasciola invasion intensity. The first group included parasite-free animals, the second group -cattle with an infestation rate of 70 worms/head, the third group -animals with infestation rate of 250 parasites/head. Histological studies were conducted on liver samples in 10% neutral formalin with embedding them in paraffin blocks. After dewaxing 5-7 micrometres thick sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and coloured according to Van Gieson's method for connective tissue examination. Morphometric indicators were studied with an ocular ruler. The data was processed on the Pentium OS with Microsoft Word and Excel software and the Student's t-test results validation. The infected bull calves have an enlarged liver size, dense liver texture and tuberous surface, the thickened capsule, thick, sinuous, expanded yellow-white bile ducts cords. Histological and morphometric methods identified structural changes in hepatocytes, hepatic lobules and the microcirculatory system of the liver. Pathological changes in the liver depend significantly on the average number of parasites found on a single infested animal. The work provides a fasciolosis prevention and treatment recommendation, taking into account the manifested pathological liver processes.
Hernias are a significant, non-infectious animal condition. In productive animals, failure to provide surgical treatment leads to premature rejection and potential loss of their productive longevity. In small pets, this becomes a social problem for pet owners related to the keeping and death of affected animals. The aim of this study was to study the histological parameters of tissues during implantation of monofilament mesh in cattle for periods up to four months. The study was conducted on eight bulls of the Black Motley breed, divided into two groups of four animals. In the first group, four bulls received a subcutaneous implant of hernioplasty mesh made of polypropylene monofilament (Herniamesh S.R.I. Via CiRie 22 / A, San Maruro Torinese, Torino, Italy) in the area of the lateral soft abdominal wall on the right and left sides. In the second group, four bulls received implants in the middle third of the neck to the right and left sides. Thus, the subject of research was 16 wounds with implanted mesh. A sterile piece monofilament mesh, 1x2 cm in size and folded in half along the longitudinal side, was inserted vertically into the formed hypodermic pocket on the right side of the wound, in which it was possible to freely place the specified mesh. During the course of the study, Polycon No. 4 thread with intermittent knotted seams was used, and three sutures were applied. To ensure fixation of the mesh, it was stitched centrally. The material for histological studies was taken by biopsy at one, two, three and four months after implantation. Tissue was embedded in paraffin blocks, and sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson. The results indicated that after subcutaneous implantation of monofilament mesh in the neck and abdominal wall in cattle, wound healing occurs by primary intention. It was revealed that from the beginning of the histological study to one month, the monofilament mesh is first overgrown with loose connective tissue. By the end of the study, after four months, this is sequentially differentiated into dense connective tissue. No significant differences were observed between the abdominal wall and neck area as sites of implantation, and morphological processes in both sites proceeded in the same way. Thus, the conducted studies allow us to conclude that monofilament mesh is a suitable material for closing the hernial ring in cattle, where it is not possible to use their own tissues for these purposes.
3. Лобанов Сергей Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра охраны здоровья и БЖД, ФГБОУ ВО «БГПУ им. М. Акмуллы», 450008, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Октябрьской революции, 3А, e-mail: lobanovprof@yandex.ru.Статья раскрывает некоторые особенности, происходящие в мозжечке крыс при кровопотере. В результате экспериментальных исследований уже в первые часы после острой кровопо-тери выявлены изменения со стороны микроциркуляторного русла. Приведены данные изменения содержания разных классов гликозаминогликанов.A. Rozhentsev, M. Rozhentsev, S. Lobanov MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF RAT CEREBELLUM AT BLOOD LOSS Authors' personal details1. Rozhentsev Alexey, first year Post-graduate student of the Health protection and life safety department, Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Oktyabrskaya Revolutsia st., 3A, e-mail: ufa.darts@yandex.ru. 2. Rozhentsev Mikhail, first year Post-graduate student of the Health protection and life safety department, Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan,The paper reveals some features that occur in the cerebellum of rats at blood loss. As the result of experimental studies in the first hours after acute blood loss there are changes in the microcirculatory bloodstream. There are changes in the content of different classes of glycosaminoglycans. ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕЧЕНИЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ НА ЭМБРИОГЕНЕЗ ЯИЧНИКОВ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА Ключевые слова: эмбриональное развитие; яичники плода; морфогенез яичников; коровы; патология обмена веществ.Введение. Ущерб от бесплодия крупного рогатого скота очень значителен. В США и ряде стран Западной Европы ежегодный уровень выбраковки коров достигает 34 % в основном за счет длительного бесплодия [37]. Восполнить эти потери можно лишь интенсивным вводом в маточное стадо первотелок. Этот процесс сдерживают следующие факторы. Во-первых, у них гораздо чаще, чем у полновозрастных коров, возникают проблемы с оплодотворением. Вовторых, в сельхозпредприятиях Российской Федерации наступление половой и физиологической зрелости у телок нередко задерживается на срок от шести до двенадцати месяцев [38], а при позднем вступлении телок в пору продуктивной жизни потребность в них возрастает до 50 % от числа основного стада, что является следствием не только скудного кормления растущих живот- E. Skovorodin THE EFFECT GESTATION COURSE ON EMBRYOGENESIS OF OVARIES IN CATTLE
This paper aims to study the influence of new immunostimulants of tissue and plant origin on the morphological characteristics of the immune system the dynamics of serum immunoglobulins. The conducted research revealed the beneficial effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on the body of sick animals, promoting their growth and development, improving animals' clinical and physiological parameters. GA showed a positive effect on the cellular and humoral factors of natural resistance of calves with bronchopneumonia. Thus, GA activates biochemical processes and immune response aimed at the coordinated use of energy resources. It results in a favourable outcome of the disease due to activated metabolism and positively affects calf growth and development. Biostimulator Nucleostim is a purified extract of bovine spleen containing at least 1 mg/ml of low molecular weight peptides. At the end of the experiment, the survival rate of the experimental group of fowl treated with nucleostim increased to 88% compared to 72% of the control group. Nucleostimbiostimulant as a feed additive for chickens restores the histological architecture of the thymus with differentiation of the well-distinguished cortex and the medulla. It increases the mitotic activity of thymocytes, improves blood supply to the organ.
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