Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a serious global health problem that is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Type 2 DM is more common in diabetic populations. In this type of DM, inhibition of α-glucosidase is a useful treatment to delay the absorption of glucose after meals. As a megabiodiversity country, Indonesia still has a lot of potential unexploited forests to be developed as a medicine source, including as the α-glucosidase inhibitor. In this study, we determine the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 80% ethanol extracts of leaves and twigs of some plants from the Apocynaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Inhibitory activity test of the α-glucosidase was performed in vitro using spectrophotometric methods. Compared with the control acarbose (IC50 117.20 μg/mL), thirty-seven samples of forty-five were shown to be more potent α-glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 values in the range 2.33–112.02 μg/mL.
<p>Salah satu kemampuan yang perlu dikembangkan pada anak tuna ganda yang masih dapat memanfaatkan sisa pendengarannya untuk berkomunikasi adalah <em>speechreading,</em> yaitu kemampuan untuk memahami lawan bicara dengan melihat gerak bibir, ekspresi wajah serta gestur tubuh lawan bicaranya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah penggunaan pendekatan sintetik bahasa disertai dengan <em>token economy</em> dapat meningkatkan kemampuan <em>speechreading</em> pada subjek D yang merupakan siswa tuna grahita dengan gangguan pendengaran. Setiap kali menunjuk dengan tepat pada langkah kelima dan pengujian, subjek diberikan token yang nantinya akan ditukarkan dengan <em>reinforcer</em>. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap seorang anak tuna grahita dengan gangguan pendengaran dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki berusia 12 tahun yang duduk di kelas 4 SD inklusi. Desain penelitian <em>single subject</em> tipe A-B-A’. Peningkatan kemampuan <em>speechreading</em> dilihat dari perbandingan antara hasil tes kemampuan <em>speechreading</em> sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode sintetik dengan token<em> economy</em> dapat meningkatkan kemampuan <em>speechreading</em> pada subjek D yang merupakan siswa tuna grahita dengan gangguan pendengaran. Subjek mampu menunjuk kartu dengan tepat sebanyak 100% dari 5 kata yang diujikan pada sesi 1 dan sebanyak 80% dari 5 kata yang diujikan pada sesi 2.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: Disabilitas, <em>speechreading</em>, metode sintetik, token ekonomi</p>
The results of the KPAI survey from 2011 to 2016 included 12,202 cases of Indonesian children and adolescents involved in risk behaviour. Jabodetabek is the area with the most cases of children and adolescents involved in risk behaviour, namely 5,160 cases. Adolescent self-regulation becomes a protective factor against risk behaviour. Parenting and parents' emotional regulation abilities become the main protective factors towards adolescent risk behaviours and adolescent self-regulation abilities. Based on that explanation, this study aims to examine the mediating role of parenting towards the contribution of parents' emotional regulation strategies to adolescent self-regulation. Data analysis of this study used multiple regression with the Hayes template model, namely model four with using one mediator variable. The sample of this study consisted of 157 pairs of study participants namely fathers, mothers, and adolescents obtained from 73 Tebet Middle School, 3 Bogor High School, and Depok 8 Middle School by using accidental sampling method. There are three measuring instruments in this study, namely The Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory (ASRI) to measure teenage participant self-regulation, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) to measure parents' emotional regulation, and Parenting Style Four Factor Questionnaire (PSFFQ) to measure parenting. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis on adolescent participants showed that there is a mediating role of paternal authoritative parenting on contribution of the paternal emotion regulation (reappraisal and suppression) to adolescent self-regulation abilities, then there is a mediating role of maternal authoritarian parenting on contributing of maternal emotion regulation (reappraisal) to adolescent self-regulation abilities.
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