<p>Urban heat island is a phenomenon in which the temperature of urbanized areas is higher than that of other surrounding areas. Urban heat islands are caused by artificialization of surface cover, changes in urban shape, and increase in artificial arrangement, while Green space reduce the heat by lowering surface temperature due to reflection and evaporation of solar radiation.</p> <p>This study targeted Jeju Island, which had the most heat waves and tropical nights in South Korea ,and evaluate the heat mitigation ability under the biological mechanism between the physical environment that generates urban heat and green space that reduce urban heat. In addition, the change in heat mitigation according to the change in the type of land cover over 30 years (late 1980s to late 2010s) was analyzed.</p> <p>In this study, the InVEST urban cooling model was used to evaluate the heat mitigation ability in the city. The InVEST urban cooling model calculates an index of heat mitigation based on shade, evapotranspiration, and albedo, as well as distance from cooling islands.</p> <p>As a result, From the late 1980s to the late 1990s, the area of Grade1 decreased by 63.79&#13218; , while the area of Grade2(17.68&#13218;), Grade3(32.92&#13218;) , Grade4(8.10&#13218;), Grade 5(5.01&#13218;) are increased. And from the late 1990s to the late 2000s, the area of Grade1(37.51&#13218;), Grade3(0.88&#13218;), Grade4(1.35&#13218;) are decreased, while the area of Grade2(31.37&#13218;), Grade5(8.38&#13218;) are increased. Further more the late 2000s to the late 2010s, the area of Grade1 rapidly decreased by 501.57&#13218;, while the area of Grade2(368.59&#13218;), Grade3(102.46&#13218;) , Grade4(22.16&#13218;), Grade5(8.36&#13218;) are increased. Under the time series analysis, areas that are constantly vulnerable or show rapid grade changes can be viewed as vulnerable areas. It is necessary to establish the urban heat reduction policy, such as land cover changes and expanding green areas, in consideration of environmental characteristics,&#160;focusing on these vulnerable areas.</p> <div data-hjsonver="1.0" data-jsonlen="10140">&#160;</div> <p>&#8251; This work was supported by Korea Environment Industry &Technology Institute (KEITI) through "Climate Change R&D Project for New Climate Regime.", funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (No. 202201344001)</p> <div data-hjsonver="1.0" data-jsonlen="7531">&#160;</div>
<p>The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) reported that global surface temperature continues to increase. Also, recent climate change is widespread and accelerating (IPCC, 2021). Thus, the impact of climate changes we are experiencing will increase in the future. In particular, since agriculture is closely related to the climate and is directly or indirectly affected, climate change is expected to have diverse and severe effects on crops. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate the potential productivity of barley according to climate change, identify the climate change impact, and establish appropriate management and cultivation methods accordingly.&#160;In this study, we aim to simulate barley production based on the SSP5-8.5 climate change scenario, which represents the high end of the range of future pathways. As the study area, we selected Jeollabuk-do, an administrative district with the highest barley cultivation in Korea.</p><p>We used the DSSAT-CERES-Barley (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer-Crop Environment Resource Synthesis) model for simulating barley production. It requires the Minimum Data Set as input data (i.e., weather, soil, crop management, and experimental data). Thus, we used the data as follows; (1) the High-Resolution SSP Climate Change Scenario, acquired by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), was used for weather data. It has a 1km spatial resolution, (2) Soil data were generated using the information on physical and chemical properties of each soil texture, acquired by the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, and (3) crop management data was applied according to the standard cultivation methods for barley, and field experimental data from the Rural Development Administration (RDA) were used. In addition, since the genotype-specific parameters have a significant impact on the result, the parameter for the Korean barley cultivar was used suggested by Kim <em>et al.</em> (2013).</p><p>Furthermore, the mask maps for barley were generated by extracting only cultivated grids in the current and future land use map, and the steps for pre-processing and generating spatial data were done using R programming language and ArcGIS v10.8.</p><p>The findings of this study are expected to be useful in implementing adaptation plans in the agricultural sector and/or establishing measures to ensure stable barley production under climate change.</p><p>&#8251; This work was supported by Korea Environment Industry &Technology Institute (KEITI) through "Climate Change R&D Project for New Climate Regime.", funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (No. 202201344001)</p>
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