This work presents the influence of the variation of oxygen content in the ZnO films on their electrical characteristics. We applied the post-thermal annealing in N 2 and air ambient to control the oxygen content of ZnO films, which improved crystallinity and optical properties of ZnO films. The oxygen concentration was measured by Auger electron spectroscopy and the electrical characteristics were obtained by Hall measurement in the van der Pauw configuration and transmission line method. As result, it was shown that the electron concentration varies from 10 16 to 10 21 /cm 3 , while the resistivity from 10 -3 to tens ohm-cm with respect to Zn/O concentration ratio.
In our previous study, Prunus Mume Fruit Extract (PMFE) has laxative effects in animal model induced constipation by a low‐fibre diet. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with PMFE could improve defecate function in human subjects with constipation.
We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. Patients consumed PMFE (7.2 g) or a placebo before consumption of a meal every morning and evening for 8 weeks. The effects of PMFE on colon transit time (CTT) and defecation function by questionnaire were evaluated in 28 patients and compared with the placebo group (n=29).
Among CTT, no significant differences in right CTT, left CTT were observed between the two groups. However, a significant decrease rectosigmoid CTT and total CTT was observed in the PMFE group. Moreover, PMFE decreased abdominal pain during defecation and significant and increase refreshing feeling after evacuation compared with compared with the placebo group at the end of the study. No adverse effects were reported in any of the patients.
Based on the results of this study, PMFE supplementation improved defecate function in human subjects with constipation. 2
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.