The effect of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on the IgA system, both at the systemic and at the mucosal level, was studied in 10 healthy young adult Mexican women during two consecutive menstrual cycles (MC); the control group consisted of five young adult Mexican men. Eight matched samples of blood and parotid saliva were obtained, in which serum E2, P4, and IgA were quantified. Parotid saliva was obtained with Curby's device and sIgA was quantified by an ELISA method. The MC was divided into follicular phase (FP, days 1 to 16) and luteal phase (LP, days 17 to 30). Serum IgA showed slight fluctuations along the period of study, but they were not different between women and men. Irrespective of the phase of the MC, salivary sIgA was higher in women than in men (P < 0.01); sIgA was slightly but not significantly higher in the FP, as compared to the LP. The comparison of phases in each individual woman showed significantly higher levels in the FP (P < 0.01). The profile of sIgA in saliva observed in women resembled the pattern of serum E2 (r = 0.859, P < 0.05), suggesting a possible relation of E2 in the secretion of sIgA by the parotid gland.
Aims: This work focuses on the development of a method for the identification of pathogenic yeast. With this aim, we target the nucleotide sequence of the RPS0 gene of pathogenic yeast species with specific PCR primers. PCR analysis was performed with both the genomic DNA, whole cells of clinical isolates of Candida species and clinical samples.
Methods and Results: A single pairs of primers, deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the RPS0 gene from pathogenic yeast, were used in PCR analysis performed with both the genomic DNA and whole cells of clinical isolates of Candida species and clinical samples. The primers designed are highly specific for their respective species and produce amplicons of the expected sizes and fail to amplify any DNA fragment from the other species tested. The set of primers was tested successfully for the identification of yeast from colonies, blood cultures and clinical samples. These results indicate that genes containing intron sequences may be useful for designing species‐specific primers for the identification of fungal strains by PCR. The sensitivity of the method with genomic DNA was evaluated with decreasing DNA concentrations (200 ng to 1 pg) and different cell amounts (107–105 cells).
Conclusion: The results obtained show that the amplification of RPS0 sequences may be suitable for the identification of pathogenic and other yeast species.
Significance and Impact of the Study: Identification of Candida species using molecular approaches with high discriminatory power is important in determining adequate measures for the interruption of transmission of this yeast. The approach described in this work is based on standard technology, and it is specific, sensitive and does not involve complex and expensive equipment. Furthermore, the method developed in this work not only can be used in eight yeast species, but also provides the basis to design primers for other fungi species of clinical, industrial or environmental interest.
The purpose of the study was to measure the variation in concentrations of plasma neutral and basic amino acids during the day in subjects fed two Mexican model rural diets, one containing 55% (R55) and the other 70% (R70) of energy as carbohydrates, and two model urban diets with the same two proportions of carbohydrates (U55 and U70). The R55 and R70 diets contained 1.35- and 1.69-fold more fiber than the U55 and U70 diets, respectively. Eight female volunteers were adapted to each of the four diets for 3 d before the day of blood sampling. Protein and energy intakes were adjusted to each subject for a consumption of 1 g protein/kg body wt and 150.7 kJ/kg body wt. Blood samples were withdrawn at 0700, 0930, 1100, 1500, 1900, 2300, and 0300. Only plasma concentrations of alanine changed during the day, dropping significantly (P<0.05) at 2300 and 0300 with the U70 diet. Urban diets produced significantly higher plasma isoleucine and valine values than did the rural diets at some sampling times. Plasma phenylalanine was significantly higher with the U70 diet at 2300 than with the other three diets. Alanine plasma concentrations were significantly higher with the U55 diet at 1900 and significantly lower with the R55 diet at 0930 with respect to the other diets. Lysine was significantly higher at 0700 with the U70 diet than with the other three diets. No other significant changes were observed. These results show the stability of the plasma amino acid profile despite the consumption of different diets in physiologic proportions. Possibly, some of the changes observed in the plasma amino acids can be explained by the high proportion of dietary fiber in the Mexican rural diets.
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