The cranio-vertebral transition (CVT) is composed by the base of the occipital bone and the first two cervical vertebrae, atlas and axis (C1 and C2, respectively). This region is susceptible to conformational abnormalities, such as platybasiaflattening of skull base -and basilar invagination -protrusion of the tooth of the C2 to the posterior fossa. They are mutually associated, and both may also relate to cerebellar tonsil herniation. Clinical repercussions are varied and derive from compression of nervous structures or obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, with consequent hydrocephalus and syringomyelia 1 . Imaging exams are indispensable in the assessment of CVT, and the gold-standard is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially because it can demonstrate both musculoskeletal and nervous elements involved. Craniometric imaging parameters were first established last century, notably from German Conclusão: Houve uma tendência a platibasia, invaginação basilar e estreitamento da transição craniovertebral, que poderiam ser influenciados pela natureza multirracial e por fatores antropológicos da população estudada.Palavras-chave: platibasia; imagem por ressonância magnética; circunferência craniana.

The present study describes the fetal regions ethmoidalis and orbitotemporalis of the cranium of Galea musteloides and Kerodon rupestris and compares them with Galea spixii and Cavia porcellus. The fetal crania of these representatives of the Caviinae were serially sectioned and 3D plate reconstructions were built. For a broader scope, serially sectioned heads of the caviomorph taxa Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris and Dasyprocta leporina were also examined. The ethmoidal and orbitotemporal regions of the cranium provides characters that are pertinent to the discussion of systematics of the Caviinae. Nine cranial characters were identified as being significant and discussed phylogenetically. Taking the monophyly of the Cavioidea as given, two characters are autapomorphic for the genus Galea: the reduction of the crista semicircularis and the lacrimale forming the ‘arco antorbitario’ (Kraglievich 1930). Cavia is the sister group of Galea; synapomorphic characters are the extent of the processus palatinus medialis of the praemaxillare and the presence lamina pterygoidea of the alisphenoid. There were no apomorphic characters of the structural complexes examined that could support the Caviinae. The reduced and nonperforated alisphenoid is an autapomorphic feature of the Caviidae. The division of the nasoturbinale is evidence for a sistergroup relationship of the Hydrochaeridae and the Caviidae. Autapomorphic characters for the Cavioidea include the ventrolateral opening of the organon vomeronasale and the lateral prolongation of the lacrimale.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relacionar o ensino e a aprendizagem da disciplina de Dissecação na Anatomia Topográfica com a capacitação das habilidades gerais instituídas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Medicina: atenção à saúde, tomada de decisões, comunicação, liderança, administração e gerenciamento, e educação permanente. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo seccional que envolveu uma população de 270 alunos do curso de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina Nova Esperança e da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, ambas em João Pessoa-PB. A amostra foi selecionada aleatoriamente e incluiu 132 graduandos, que responderam a um questionário estruturado desenvolvido pelos autores. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa quanto ao sexo dos alunos entrevistados, tendo sido a média de idade de 21,7 anos. Dos 132 graduandos, houve o relato de que, frequente ou muito frequentemente, ocorreu o desenvolvimento de: capacidade de tomar decisões-57,2%, liderança-57,7%; administração e gerenciamento-74,3%, comunicação-87,1%, educação continuada-76,0%, atenção à saúde-59,8%. Conclusão: A dissecação tem importância na capacitação das habilidades gerais no ensino de Anatomia Topográfica e, portanto, pode contribuir com a formação do perfil do profissional médico preconizado pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Medicina.

The population of the Brazilian Northeast is known for the tendency towards a different head format in relation to the ones of the other regions, characterized by brachycephaly. Various studies correlate this phenotype to craniocervical malformations, especially the basilar impression and the Chiari malformation. The objective was to determine the Cranial Index (CI) in specimens from the State of Paraiba and, compare our values to those of the studies found in literature. Materials and Methods: The CI of 166 articulated adult skulls, 101 male and 65 female, over 18 years of age, belonging to the Anatomy Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB) were analyzed. Results: The CI in the male skulls presented an average of 82.3cm ± 4.3, and in the female skulls 82.9cm ± 3.2, significant difference (p <0.0456216). As for the cranial type: 2.41 % were dolichocephalic (narrow skull), 17.47 % mesocephalic (skull with median proportion), and 80.12 % brachycephalic (wide skull). Discussion and Conclusion: The present study proves the bradycephalic profile in the population from Paraiba, which presented higher indices than the Northern and Southern regions of Brazil, as well as those of other brachycephalic ethnicities. We highlight the need to extend similar studies to the other states of the Brazilian Northeast for a typification of the skulls of this region, with a deepening of its relations with the basilar impression and the Chiari malformation.

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