The cranio-vertebral transition (CVT) is composed by the base of the occipital bone and the first two cervical vertebrae, atlas and axis (C1 and C2, respectively). This region is susceptible to conformational abnormalities, such as platybasiaflattening of skull base -and basilar invagination -protrusion of the tooth of the C2 to the posterior fossa. They are mutually associated, and both may also relate to cerebellar tonsil herniation. Clinical repercussions are varied and derive from compression of nervous structures or obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, with consequent hydrocephalus and syringomyelia 1 . Imaging exams are indispensable in the assessment of CVT, and the gold-standard is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially because it can demonstrate both musculoskeletal and nervous elements involved. Craniometric imaging parameters were first established last century, notably from German Conclusão: Houve uma tendência a platibasia, invaginação basilar e estreitamento da transição craniovertebral, que poderiam ser influenciados pela natureza multirracial e por fatores antropológicos da população estudada.Palavras-chave: platibasia; imagem por ressonância magnética; circunferência craniana.
Introduction: The distribution pattern of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) varies in the studies described by the literature. Objectives: To establish the variation pattern for the Brazilian population as well as to compare this distribution according to sex and ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 corpses were dissected in the Death Survey Service of Paraíba (SVO/PB), and the variation patterns were analyzed by comparing sex and ethnic groups by means of the statistical program SPSS 21.0. Results and Conclusion: From the 41 dissected corpses, 43,9%, n=18 were classified as normal, standard type 1, 7,3%, n=3, standard type 2, 24,3%, n=10, standard type 3, 14,6%, n=6, standard type 4, 9,7%, n=4, standard type 5, 9,7%, n=4. Statistically significant variations of the SMA patterns in relation to sex and ethnic groups were not found. The described patterns should be verified in order to inform and lead the health professionals in relation to the patient´s care, especially in the surgical scope.
The population of the Brazilian Northeast is known for the tendency towards a different head format in relation to the ones of the other regions, characterized by brachycephaly. Various studies correlate this phenotype to craniocervical malformations, especially the basilar impression and the Chiari malformation. The objective was to determine the Cranial Index (CI) in specimens from the State of Paraiba and, compare our values to those of the studies found in literature. Materials and Methods: The CI of 166 articulated adult skulls, 101 male and 65 female, over 18 years of age, belonging to the Anatomy Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB) were analyzed. Results: The CI in the male skulls presented an average of 82.3cm ± 4.3, and in the female skulls 82.9cm ± 3.2, significant difference (p <0.0456216). As for the cranial type: 2.41 % were dolichocephalic (narrow skull), 17.47 % mesocephalic (skull with median proportion), and 80.12 % brachycephalic (wide skull). Discussion and Conclusion: The present study proves the bradycephalic profile in the population from Paraiba, which presented higher indices than the Northern and Southern regions of Brazil, as well as those of other brachycephalic ethnicities. We highlight the need to extend similar studies to the other states of the Brazilian Northeast for a typification of the skulls of this region, with a deepening of its relations with the basilar impression and the Chiari malformation.
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