Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a systemic cicatrizing autoimmune disease that primarily affects orificial mucous membranes, such as the conjunctiva, the nasal cavity, the oropharynx, and the genitalia. Ocular involvement occurs in about 70% of all MMP cases. Ocular MMP (OcMMP) also encompasses the conditions linear immunoglobulin A disease, mucosal dominated epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and anti-laminin 332/anti-epiligrin/anti-laminin 5 pemphigoid. It is a complex clinical entity that may lead to ocular surface failure and result in inflammatory and infectious complications, as well as potentially devastating visual loss. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are of paramount importance and require a high level of expertise as this condition can be extremely challenging to diagnose and treat even for experienced clinicians. In this review we provide an up-to-date insight on the pathophysiology of OcMMP, with an emphasis on the current state of its diagnostics and therapeutics. Our the aim is to increase our understanding of OcMMP and highlight modern diagnostic and therapeutic options.

The displayed medium sensitivity and specificity, and good positive predictive value of the LIPCOF test support the use of LIPCOF grading as a simple, quick and non-invasive dry eye screening tool.

In uneventful clear corneal phacoemulsification, meticulous technique can prevent antibiotic use during surgery. No difference in anterior chamber bacterial contamination was found between IOL implantation using an injector or a forceps.

Hyperosmolarity of tear was reported as a fact of ocular surface inflammation. While in mild and moderate conjunctivochalasis tear osmolarity was similar to normal controls, increased osmolarity can refer to the presence of ocular surface inflammation in these patients with severe conjunctivochalasis.

The LTMH could be reliably measured with slit-lamp biomicroscopy without staining, but the measurements were more repeatable with Tearscope.