This study was carried out to investigate the resistance to some antimicrobial groups among Salmonellae isolated from broilers in Egypt. The prevalence of some virulence and resistance genes among the recovered multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was also scrutinized. A total of 55 (15·6%) Salmonella isolates were recovered from 353 different samples (liver, yolk sac, gall bladder and caecum), gathered from apparently healthy and diseased broilers suffered from diarrhoea, dehydration and respiratory distress. Thirty Salmonellae strains were serotyped into Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Infantis, Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Maloma, Salmonella Bardo, Salmonella Gdansk, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Blegdame. The resistance pattern of all Salmonella isolates was constructed and 15 MDR Salmonella isolates were subsequently examined for the presence of virulence (invA, ompA and stn) and resistance (qnrS, qnrA, blaTEM and blaCTX) genes. Of note, invA, ompA and stn virulence genes and blaTEM and qnrS resistance genes were found in all examined isolates. On the other hand, the qnrA gene detection frequency was 20%, whereas blaCTX was not detected at all. Our findings emphasize the wide spread of antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates and the importance of effective control measures for the disease. Significance and Impact of the Study This study highlights the possible emergence of widespread resistance to some antimicrobials among Salmonellae isolated from broilers in Egypt. The results also reveal the prevalence of some virulence (invA, ompA and stn) and resistance (qnrS, qnrA, blaCTX and blaTEM) genes among the recovered multidrug resistant isolates. Clearly, our data emphasize that antimicrobial resistance genes are widely spread in Salmonella isolates which is crucial for developing novel methods for controlling such disease problem of zoonotic concern.
Key words:Salmonella, virulence genes, broiler, diarrheaThe present study was conducted to determinate the prevalence of some virulence genes among Salmonella serovars isolated from broiler flocks in Egypt. A total of 55 Salmonella isolates were recovered from different samples (liver, yolk sac, gall bladder and caecum) collected from apparently healthy and diseased broilers suffered from whitish diarrhea, dehydration and respiratory distress. Thirty isolates were serotyped into s. enteritidis (43.3%) s. infantis and s. Kentucky (16.6%), s.maloma and s.bardo (6.7%), s.gdansk, s.typhimurium and s. blegdame (3.3%). Molecular detections of invA, ompA and stn virulence genes in 15 Salmonella isolates were applied using specific primer sets. The results reported detection of the screening genes in all 15 examined isolates with 100%. In conclusion, these genes appear to have a critical role in pathogenicity of Salmonella infection in poultry. So, this help in understanding the process of pathogenicity and design of control and therapy treatment strategies for salmonellosis in broiler chickens.
Mycoplasmosis is a major and economic threat currently facing the poultry industry worldwide. The main pathogenic mycoplasmas species are Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. The aim of this study was to identify and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species from broilers and breeder chickens. Two hundred samples were collected and cultured onto specific PPLO medium and then tested by real time PCR approaches. The results reported that 15 (7.5%) and 50 (25%) were positive by culture and PCR respectively. Among the positive samples, Mycoplasma synoviae was high prevalent 45 (90%) by real time PCR, and low prevalent 12(24%) detected by culture as well as Mycoplasma gallisepticum were positive 5 (10%) and 3(6%) with real time PCR and culture respectively. In conclusion, our study confirmed that the real time PCR was most sensitive and reliable tool for the diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis in field samples than culture method.
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