Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex syndrome associated with high mortality in young calves and causes severe economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. The current study investigated the prevalence and molecular characterization of common bacterial pathogens associated with respiratory symptoms in young calves from Sadat City, one of the largest industrial cities in Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. In between December 2020 and March 2021, 200 mixed-breed young calves of 6–12 months were examined clinically. Of them, sixty (30%) calves showed signs of respiratory manifestations, such as coughing, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharges, fever, and abnormal lung sound. Deep nasal (Nasopharyngeal) swabs were collected from the affected calves for bacteriological investigation. Phenotypic characterization and identification revealed Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Pasteurella multocida, and Staphylococcus aureus in 8.33%, 5%, 5%, and 5% of the tested samples, respectively. The PCR technique using species-specific primer sets successfully amplified the target bacterial DNA in all culture-positive samples, confirming the identity of the isolated bacterial species. Partial gene sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of M. bovigenitalium, P. multocida, and S. aureus, and mb-mp 81 gene of M. bovis revealed high nucleotide similarity and genetic relationship with respective bacterial species reported from Egypt and around the world, suggesting transmission of these bacterial species between animal host species and localities. Our study highlights the four important bacterial strains associated with respiratory disorders in calves and suggests the possible spread of these bacterial pathogens across animal species and different geographic locations. Further studies using WGS and a large number of isolates are required to investigate the realistic lineage of Egyptian isolates and globally.
Mycoplasmosis is a major and economic threat currently facing the poultry industry worldwide. The main pathogenic mycoplasmas species are Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. The aim of this study was to identify and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species from broilers and breeder chickens. Two hundred samples were collected and cultured onto specific PPLO medium and then tested by real time PCR approaches. The results reported that 15 (7.5%) and 50 (25%) were positive by culture and PCR respectively. Among the positive samples, Mycoplasma synoviae was high prevalent 45 (90%) by real time PCR, and low prevalent 12(24%) detected by culture as well as Mycoplasma gallisepticum were positive 5 (10%) and 3(6%) with real time PCR and culture respectively. In conclusion, our study confirmed that the real time PCR was most sensitive and reliable tool for the diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis in field samples than culture method.
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