Macro-and micromorphological features of fruit and seeds belonging to 12 taxa genera of Matthiola W.T.Aiton were studied via stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. In macromorphological studies, the following variables were investigated: the shape, size, and color of fruit and seeds; the length of fruiting pedicel; the structure of the median vein; stigma (horns); and trichome properties and density in fruit. In micromorphological studies, the presence or absence of seed wings, seed coat pattern in disc and wing, and epidermal cell shape in disc and wing were determined. According to our findings, all characters of fruit and seeds are extremely variable and can be used as criteria to distinguish species of the genus.

The species of the genus Origanum L. are strongly aromatic perennial herbs and subshrubs. The Origanum species have many morphological and chemical varieties. Carvacrol, thymol, linalool, and p-cymene are some of their abundant chemical components. Origanum species are widely used as tea and herbs in folk medicine. They have antispasmodic, antimicrobial, expectorant, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and carminative effects. (Başer and Kırımer, 2006;Yılmaz et al., 2017). Therefore, the use of Origanum plants is very common as tea, as additives to foods, and in traditional remedies for the treatment of infectious diseases and the prevention of cancer and gastrointestinal system diseases (Marrelli et al., 2010).The genus Origanum (Lamiaceae, subfamily: Nepetoideae, tribe: Mentheae, subtribe: Menthineae) comprises 43 species (51 taxa) and 15 hybrids worldwide (Ietswaart, 1980(Ietswaart, , 1982. The species are mainly concentrated in the temperate regions of the Mediterranean area. Twenty-three species (26 taxa), 8 hybrids, and one suspected species have been recorded in Turkey, which has the most species. Twenty of those are endemic (Ietswaart, 1982;Davis et al., 1988;Duman, 2000). The species are classified into eight sections: Sect. Amaracus (Gleditsch) Vogel ( 4species), Sect. Anatolicon Ietsw. (2 species), Sect. Breviflamnetum Ietsw. (7 species), Sect. Longitubus Ietsw. (1 species), Sect. Chilocalyx (Briq.) Ietsw. (3 species), Sect. Majorana (Mill.) Benth. (3 species), Sect. Origanum (1 species, 4 taxa), and Sect. Prolaticorolla Ietsw. (1 species).Origanum dictamnus L., indicated as a suspected species in the Flora of Turkey, belongs to the section Amaracus. To date, O. dictamnus has only been recorded from Crete, where it is considered endemic. An unflowered specimen from Aydın-Priene (Fors-Maj. 665) was collected and identified as O. dictamnus in the Flora of Turkey (Ietswaart, 1980(Ietswaart, , 1982. This specimen (from Aydın-Priene) was different from O. dictamnus in respect to the unbranched indumentum. However, although this specimen did not have flowers, it was reported that this specimen did not, in fact, belong to O. dictamnus (Ietswaart, 1980(Ietswaart, , 1982. Based on this note stated in the Flora of Turkey and the Eastern Aegean Islands, in order to collect new materials, a field trip was made to the environs of Priene, an ancient city on the Dilek Peninsula/Kuşadası (Figure 1). Despite covetable specimens not being collected from Priene, some

In this study, the karyotypes of mitotic chromosomes were determined of seven taxa of Salvia (Lamiaceae) collected from their natural habitats in Turkey: S. viridis (2n = 16), S. candidissima subsp. occidentalis (2n = 20), S. sclarea, S. ceratophylla, S. chionantha (2n = 22), S. viscosa and S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca (2n = 32). The karyotype formulae were 5m+3sm in S. viridis, 2M+5m+3sm in S. candidissima subsp. occidentalis, 1M+10m in S. sclarea, 8m+3sm in S. ceratophylla, 7m+4sm in S. chionantha, 9m+5sm+2st in S. viscosa, and 15m+1sm in S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca by the karyotype image analysis system. Somatic chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 16 to 2n = 32. The ideograms were drawn based on centromeric index and arranged in decreasing size order. The present results were compared with the previous cytological studies in the genus.

Astragalus argaeus is a critically endangered endemic species growing only on Erciyes Mountain in Kayseri, Turkey. In this study, morphology, anatomy, ecology, pollen and seed morphology and karyology of this species were investigated. The previous description of the species has been expanded and amended. Anatomically, cross-sections of root, stem and leaflet were investigated for the first time. The pith of the root is exactly covered by xylem tissue. The cross-section of stem has a periderm as the protective tissue at the outermost layer. The leaflets are equifacial (isobilateral) and amphistomatic. The pollen grains are tricolporate, isopolar and radially symmetrical, shape prolate, ornamentation faevolate-reticulate. The seeds are brownish and dark dotted in colour and oblate in shape, with rugulate-reticulate ornamentation. Number of somatic chromosomes was identified as 2n = 16 in A. argaeus. The karyotype formula of this species consists of three median chromosome pairs and five submedian chromosome pairs. The plant grows in slightly acidic or alkaline soils with loamy-sand texture, high organic matter and CaCO3 contents.

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Literature studies of taxa belonging to the genus Astragalus have revealed that there are too few karyotype analyses of this genus. To eliminate deficiencies, somatic chromosome morphologies were identified for 25 taxa belonging to the genus Astragalus that grow naturally in Turkey, and chromosome morphology differences were described. These taxa are A. oleaefolius DC.,

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