Dietary polyphenols have been widely investigated as antidiabetic agents in cell, animals, human study, and clinical trial. The number of publication (Indexed by Web of Science) on "polyphenols and diabetes" significantly increased since 2010. This review highlights the advances and opportunities of dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents.Dietary polyphenols prevent and manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus via the insulindependent approaches, for instance, protection of pancreatic islet -cell, reduction of -cell apoptosis, promotion of -cell proliferation, attenuation of oxidative stress, activation of insulin signaling, and stimulation of pancreas to secrete insulin, as well as the This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. c ○ 2020 The Authors. Food Frontiers published

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SummaryExposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is hazardous for all organisms. UV shows numerous effects on insects. In this study, mortality effect of UV on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae was studied. The larvae were exposed to UV radiation (254 and 365 nm) at different time periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 min). After exposure, mortality rate, comet assay studies, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GST and GPx), and MDA levels were investigated on the larvae. The mortality rate of E. kuehniella larvae increased with increasing exposure times. It was determined that 254 nm was more effective than 365 nm compared to the effects of short (254 nm) and long-wave (365 nm) radiations on mortality rate of E. kuehniella larvae. Likewise mortality rate, 254 nm had more potency than 365 nm on antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of MDA. According to the comet assay results, the tail DNA% and comet tail length significantly increased in all exposure times at 254 nm, but these changes were seen only 45 min and 60 min at 365 nm of UV radiation. Therefore, tail DNA% and tail lenghts of 254 nm radiation could be greater than the tail lenghts of 365 nm UV radiation. As a result, the UV radiation could be effectively as a safe pest control method and as an alternative to environmentally hazardous chemical pesticides. Key words: Ephestia kuehniella, UV radiation, mortality, antioxidant enzymes, comet assay ÖzetUltraviyole (UV) radyasyona maruz kalmak tüm canlılar için tehlikelidir. UV böcekler üzerinde birçok etki göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ephestia kuehniella 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvaları üzerine UV'nin öldürücü etkisi çalışıldı. Larvalar UV radyasyonuna (254 ve 365 nm) farklı zaman peryotlarında (15, 30, 45 ve 60 dk.) maruz bırakıldı. Çalışma sonunda larvaların ölüm oranları, komet değeleri ve antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri (SOD, CAT, GST ve GPx) ve MDA seviyeleri araştırıldı. Işınlama süresi arttıkça E. kuehniella larvalarının ölüm oranları artmıştır. Kısa (254 nm) ve uzun (365 nm) dalga boylarını ölüm oranları üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırdığımızda 254 nm dalga boyunun 365 nm dalga boyundan daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum, ölüm oranı, antioksidan enzim aktivitesi ve MDA seviyesinde de tespit edilmiştir. Komet değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre kuyruk % DNA'sı ve komet kuyruk uzunluğu 254 nm dalga boyutunun tüm uygulama zamanlarında istatistiksel olarak artarken bu değişimler 365 nm UV radyasyonun yalnızca 45. ve 60. dk. larında tespit edilmiştir. Bundan dolayı, kuyruk % DNA'sı ve kuyruk uzunluğu 254 nm dalga boyunda 365 nm dalga boyuna göre daha fazladır. Sonuç olarak, UV radyasyon depo zararlılarının kontrolünde güvenilir bir metod ve çevreye zararlı kimyasal pestisitlere bir alternatif olarak kullanılabilir.Anahtar sözcükler: Ephestia kuehniella, UV radyasyon, ölüm oranı, antioksidan enzimler, komet değerlendirme

Scorpions are venomous arthropods of the class Arachnida and are considered relatives of spiders, ticks and mites. There are approximately 1,500 species of scorpions worldwide, which are characterized by an elongated body and a segmented tail that ends in a venomous stinger. No specific treatment is available for scorpion envenomation, except for the use of antivenom. The current study aimed at comparing protein content and lethality of Androctonus crassicauda venom extracted by two different methods (electric stimulation and maceration of telsons). The LD50 calculated by probit analysis was 1.1mg/kg for venom obtained by electric stimulation and 39.19mg/kg for venom obtained by maceration of telsons. In the electrophoretic analysis, protein bands of the venom sample obtained by electric stimulation were between 12 and 53kDa (total: five bands), and those of venom extracted by maceration appeared as multiple protein bands, relative to the other venom sample. Low-molecular-weight proteins, revealed by western blotting, played an important immunogenic role in the production of antivenom. Lethality and protein levels varied according to the extraction method; venom obtained by the maceration technique showed lower toxicity than that obtained by electric stimulation

Tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Tukey HSD testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre çocukların müziğe ilişkin tutumları arttıkça sosyal beceri düzeyleri de artmaktadır. Ayrıca, bir müzik enstrümanı çaldığını ve bir müzik kursu aldığını belirtenlerin müziğe ilişkin tutumları ve sosyal beceri düzeyleri bir müzik enstrümanı çalmadığını ve müzik kursu almadığını belirtenlere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur.

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İt is emphasized that children's marital conflict perceptions are basic mechanism constituting relation between parental conflict and children's behaviour problems. Aim of this study is to examine contribution of children's marital conflict perceptions to development of children's behaviour problems. Sample of the study is formed by 266 volunteer children and mothers of those children. Data of the study was collected from two questionnaire performed by the children and their mothers. Analysis findings indicate that children perceiving marital conflicts as extreme and intense, interpreting those as a threat for entirety of family and self-blaming about those conflicts constitute risk factors for children's behaviour problems dominated by oppositional defiant problems. By arranging parenttraining programs with explanations about potential impacts of marital conflict to children's emotional and behavioural problems it can carry supportive and protective function on prevention and intervention of children's behavioural problems by contributing to prevalence of conscious parenting.

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