Posterior segment involvement is the most serious ocular complication of BD, leading to blindness with recurrent attacks. Following patients closely, performing fluorescein angiography in all patients diagnosed as BD even they have no clinical ocular involvement, and early treatment are very important in the prognosis of the disease.
Aims: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 0.5% apraclonidine test in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paresis (OSP). Method: Apraclonidine (0.5%) was administered to 31 eyes, nine with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome (HS), 22 with bilateral OSP caused by diabetes, and to 54 control eyes. All were confirmed with the cocaine test. The effects on pupil diameter and upper eyelid level were observed 1 hour later. Results: Apraclonidine caused a mean dilation of 2.04 mm (range 1-4.5) (p,0.001) in the pupils with OSP and it caused pupillary constriction in the control eyes with a mean change of 20.14 mm (range 0.5 to 21) (p,0.05). It caused reversal of anisocoria in all HS cases. Its effects on both pupil diameters and upper lid levels differed significantly between the groups (p,0.001). The mean elevation in the upper lid was 1.75 mm (range 1-4) in the OSP group (p,0.001) and 0.61 mm (range 0-3) in the control group (p,0.001). Conclusion: The effect of the apraclonidine (0.5%) test on the pupil diameter was diagnostic for OSP and had at least the same sensitivity and specificity as the cocaine test for the diagnosis of OSP.
AMT with nonpreserved amniotic membrane promoted epithelial healing, reduced surface inflammation, increased patient comfort, and decreased the extent and severity of vascularization when used in patients with acute chemical burns. When used in limbal stem cell deficiency owing to past chemical burns, AMT alone or in combination with LAT aided in ocular surface reconstruction. Infectious, inflammatory, or toxic/allergic reactions were not encountered in any patient owing to the use of nonpreserved amniotic membrane. Further studies are required to establish the safety and efficacy of preserved and nonpreserved AMT in ocular surface reconstruction.
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