Objective: We investigate the relationship between sarcopenia components and depression in geriatric outpatients, considering the effects of potential confounding factors. Methods: Adults !60 years of age were selected from outpatient clinics. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength (HGS) measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer and chair stand test (CSST). Physical performance was evaluated by usual gait speed (UGS), nutritional status, and frailty were screened by mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire and FRAIL scale. Depression was diagnosed through a psychiatric interview and the administration of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: Participants with depression were similar to participants without depression regarding age (p ¼ .055), education (p ¼ .095), frailty (p ¼ .857), and HGS scores (p ¼ .053). The group with depression had longer CSST duration (p ¼ .023), slower UGS (p ¼ .027), and more malnutrition (p ¼ .001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that only the malnutrition was independently associated factor with depression after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions: Depression is associated with malnutrition and some components of sarcopenia in geriatric outpatients. Our results revealed that sarcopenia might be associated with depression through malnutrition. If malnutrition lasts for a long time, sarcopenia may become evident in the later stages of depression.

We report an elderly patient who developed severe delirium and extrapyramidal signs after initiation of lithium-olanzapine combination. On hospital admission, serum levels of lithium were found to be 3.0 mM/L which were far above toxic level. Immediate discontinuation of both drugs resulted in complete resolution of most of the symptoms except for perioral dyskinesia which persisted for three more months. We critically discussed the differential diagnosis of lithium intoxication and assessed confounding factors which induce delirium and extrapyramidal signs related with combination therapy of lithium and olanzapine.

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Objective: Suicide attempt is an important risk factor for completed suicide. Determining risky cases for suicide attempts is important in terms of protective and preventive approach. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of suicide attempted patients who applied to our emergency department. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on retrospective analysis of emergency medical clinic suicide attempt enrollment forms of 257 patients and psychiatric consultations who applied to our emergency department for the purpose of suicide attempt between September 2014 and December 2015. Results: 156 cases (60.7%) were women and 101 (39.3%) cases were males. 42.8% were in the age range of 15-24 years and 51% were bachelor. 42.4% were unemployed and 136 (52.9%) were primary school graduates. In 30 cases (11.7%), there was recurrent suicide attempt. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was depression (n =14, 5.4%). The marriage rate of women was higher than that of men (p<.000). There was no difference between the genders in terms of recurrent suicide attempts (p> 0.057). Conclusion: Suicide attempts are more common in young, low-educated and married women. Psychosocial interventions for those groups that are at risk for suicide attempts are important to prevent suicide attempts and completed suicides.

Introduction: In contrast to several studies that examined different domains of neurocognitive functions in long-term abstinent cannabis users, there are few studies examined impulsivity in cannabis users with prolonged abstinence. The aim of this study was to test whether impulsivity and sensation seeking traits and impulsive decision-making are transient or enduring in patients with cannabis dependence who were abstinent for at least 1 month. Methods: The study included 30 patients with cannabis dependence (CDP) who had been abstinent for at least 1 month and 30 healthy controls. All the participants were male and the two groups were matched for age and duration of education. Results: As a result of Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) evaluation, there was no significant group (CDP vs. control) by block interaction in IGT performance (p=0.680). CDP showed significantly higher Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) total (p=0.006), BIS-11 non-planning (p=0.006) and Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale experience seeking subscale (p=0.001) scores compared with controls. Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate decision-making, selfreport impulsivity and sensation seeking in long-term abstinent CDP. Our findings suggest that both self-report impulsivity and experience seeking may reflect a stable trait in CDP but not deficits on decisionmaking. This suggestion is consistent with the hypothesis that elevated impulsivity and sensation seeking traits may lead to addiction when they occur together rather than alone.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine psychiatric disorders after burn trauma and burn-related features in adults. Method: The records of the cases who were hospitalized in the burn center between January 2015 and January 2019 and for whom psychiatric consultation was requested were retrospectively reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics, burn-related features, psychiatric diagnoses, and treatments of the patients were examined. Results: The mean rate of psychiatric consultations requested in a burn center within a four-year period was 34.05% and 49 (28.5%) of these consulted cases had a work-related accident. Mean hospitalization time was 37.2±24 days and the most common burn type was a fire/flame injury. In the majority of the study sample (63.4%) the total body surface area burnt was more than 20%. Nineteen (11%) cases had a history of psychiatric disorder. The most common psychiatric diagnosis before burn injury was alcohol-drug addiction (n=14, 73.7%). The most common diagnosis after psychiatric consultation was adjustment disorder (31.9%). Among psychotropic drugs the initial treatment was started most frequently treatment with benzodiazepines (30.8%) and antipsychotics (58.1%). In 33 deceased cases, the most common psychiatric diagnosis was delirium with a rate of 42.4%. Conclusion: The incidence of psychiatric disorders before and after burn injury was found to be high in the individuals. Conditions with a high risk of morbidity and mortality, such as delirium, should be diagnosed and treated priorly. Due to the early and long-term effects of burn trauma, a multidisciplinary approach should be developed and psychiatrists should be included in the management of treatment.