SUMMARYGrain yield is very important and complicated trait in spring barley breeding and rely upon combination varied plant traits (agronomic and quality). For this reason, a real barley breeding program necessaries an appropriate mentality of the relationships between grain yield and traits. The aim of study was evaluate the relationship of grain yield and other traits of 25 spring barley genotypes in one location during two years by GGE Biplot analysis. The experiments were performed according to a complete randomized block design with three replications. Factors (G, GE, and GEI) were found to be highly significant (P < 0.01) for grain yield. GGE Biplot indicated that three group were occurred among traits, first group (thousand grain weight, protein content, crude cellulose and cold damage), second group (hectoliter weight, lodging, plant height and heading time), third group (grain yield and seed humidity). Moreover, the study showed that negative correlation was found between grain yield and traits without seed humidity. The results of AMMI model and GGE Biplot indicated that G12, G13, G16 and G18 is proper for grain yield, G2, G6, G19 and G1 desirable origin for quality and other agronomic traits to select for advance stage and use in barley breeding program.
This study examined the effects of nitrogen doses rate on grain yield (GY) and yield components of spring triticale (×Tritico secale) cultivars in dry area, based on cultivars plus cultivar × nitrogen doses interaction GGE biplot and AMMI analysis. The research was designed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha -1 of N) on the grain yield and agronomic performance of two cultivars in two growing seasons (2015-16/2016-17). Split plot layout with in randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used in both years. The response to fertilization levels were evaluated through GGE (Genotype main effects and Genotype x Environment interaction) biplot graphic methodologies and regression. Combined analysis of variance of nitrogen applications of two cultivars showed highly significant (p < 0.01) difference between the cultivars, nitrogen applications and interaction. The grain yield of triticale was most of all affected by cultivars (70.8%) and then by nitrogen doses (23.5%) and interaction (5.7%). On the other hand, the study showed that plant height, number of spikes per m², number of grain of ears and grain yield increased depending on the increasing nitrogen doses of the cultivars. The highest performance of grain yield of both cultivars were associated with nitrogen N 3 (120 kg/ha) fertilization in regression and AMMI analysis. The results showed that 80 kg/ha N application can be recommended in triticale traits and grain yield with Esin (new) cultivar. Further more, we found that the GGE biplot method generated highly useful results with high visual quality in the study.
Introduction of genetic monogerm seed and the advancement of agricultural techniques raised the possibility of eliminating costly thinning operations in sugar beet farming. However, this requires high and uniform seedling emergence to provide prerequisite plant populations in the field. This work investigated the minimum levels of seedling emergence for non-thinned sugar beet farming. The experiment was carried out in a loamy soil to investigate the effects of three levels of emergence (60, 50 and 35%) and two intra-row spaeings (8 and 15cm) with or without thinning using seed source of graded viability of cv Eva in 1992 and 1993 under field conditions in Eastern Anatolia. Plant population throughout the growing period was monitored and data were taken of yield and quality parameters. On average, 60, 50 and 35% emergence levels were achieved using seed source of 90, 72 and 54% viability range, which resulted in different levels of plant stands depending on intra-row spacing and thinning, Piant density at harvest ranged between 49 500 and 124 500 ha ' on average depending on initial establishment, intra-row spacing and thinning. Root yield and sugar yield were the highest at plant stands between 90000 and 100000 ha ', below or above of which declined. Impurity contents (e.g. Na, K and a-amino N contents) and extractable sugar content decreased but sugar content and clear juice purity enhanced as plant stands at harvest increased.
Bu çalışmada, bazı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin verim performansı, stabilitesi ve çeşit x çevre interaksiyonları incelenmiştir. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı ve sulu şartlarda yürütülmüştür. Tane verimi, ana etkiler ve çarpımsal interaksiyonlar (AMMI) analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Kareler ortalaması sırasıyla; %83.34' ü çevreden, %10.35'i çeşit x çevre interaksiyonundan ve %6.29'ü ise çeşitten kaynaklandığı saptanmıştır. Tane verimi en fazla çevre şartlarından etkilenmiş faktörler %0.01 'e göre önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PCA 1 ve PCA 2 eksenlerinin çeşit çevre interaksiyonundaki etkisi sırasıyla %62.35 ve %37.65 olduğu saptanmıştır. AMMI analizi sonuçlarına göre Nurkent çeşidi negatif b değerine sahip olsa da hem stabil hem de en yüksek verimli, Bitacora çeşidinin (yurt dışı tescilli) ise verim ortalamasının üzerinde bir verime sahip olup stabilite çizgisinden oldukça uzak olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmanın yürütüldüğü Şanlıurfa lokasyonunun yüksek verim (740.8 kg/da) Diyarbakır lokasyonunun düşük verim (541.1 kg/da) potansiyeli çevre şartlarına sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, mevcut iki çeşitten daha yüksek diğer üç çeşitten daha düşük verime sahip Bitacora çeşidi, Şanlıurfa lokasyonunda ilk sırada tercih edilmesi gereken çeşit olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ekmeklik buğday açısından tane verimi kadar önemli olan kalite kriterleri açısından da iyi sonuçlara sahip olduğu takdirde, bu aday çeşidin araştirmanin yürütüldüğü bölgelerde yetiştiriciliğinin tavsiye edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Background: This study was carried out to determine the effects of rhizobacteria and blue green algae applications on some physiological properties of soybean (Glycina max L.) grown under water stress. Methods: The experiment was conducted in factorial order with 4 replications according to the randomized plot trial design. In the research, Arýsoy variety belonging to soybean (Glycine max L.) species was used. In the experiment, it was aimed to examine the effects of three different irrigation levels (100, 50 and 25%) on some physiological characteristics of soybean with a control (control (B0), two different bacteria used. In this study, strains R1 of Azospirillum lipoferum bacteria, strains numbered 98 belonging to Bacillus megaterium bacteriaein and one blue green algae (Chlorella saccharophilia) were used. Result: According to the average data obtained, root length is 24.75 cm- 30.85 cm, seedling length 28.10-36.57 cm, root fresh weight 1.10-1.43 g, seedling wet weight 1.55-2.41 g, root dry weight 0.15-0.18 g, seedling dry weight 0.38-0.46 g, azote balance index 70.64-82.90 (dualex value), flavonol 0.375-0.398 (dualex value) and anthocyanin 0.016-0.045 (dualex value), with water restriction showed a decrease in most of these values. It has been determined that the rhizobacteria and blue-green algae have a decreasing and regulating effect on the physiological properties examined.
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