O soro do leite é um subproduto de relevância da indústria de queijos por ser produzido em grande volume e conter aproximadamente 55% dos nutrientes do leite. O seu aproveitamento industrial em produtos da alimentação humana ainda é considerado baixo, visto que a alta concentração de minerais proporciona uma baixa aceitação sensorial dos alimentos que o contém. Dessa forma, têm-se desenvolvido bebidas, principalmente as fermentadas, que apresentam novos sabores e aromas, com o objetivo de recuperar essa importante fonte de nutrientes para a cadeia alimentar humana. Observa-se, portanto, que a utilização do soro de queijo enriquece os produtos que os contém e evita o descarte diretamente no solo, na rede pública de esgoto, rios e lagos, minimizando o impacto negativo, conforme abordado nesta revisão.
O uso do soro lácteo como complemento na formulação de alimentos visando ao seu aproveitamento é uma alternativa para a obtenção de novos produtos. Neste trabalho, desenvolveram-se bebidas à base de soro oriundo de queijo coalho tipo A com frutas e hortaliças. Na formulação das bebidas, utilizaram-se diferentes proporções entre soro lácteo, frutas e hortaliças, com adição de 10% de açúcar. Seis bebidas foram formuladas e submetidas a um teste de preferência, e as três primeiras colocadas foram submetidas a um teste de aceitação sensorial. As três preferidas foram as bebidas sabor graviola, morango e goiaba. A bebida sabor graviola obteve aceitação com as melhores notas nos atributos sensoriais cor, sabor, aparência e qualidade global, seguida pela formulação de sabor morango, mas sem diferença significativa (P>0,05). A bebida sabor goiaba teve o diferencial no atributo odor e superou as bebidas sabor graviola e morango (P<0,05). Conclui-se que é viável a elaboração de bebidas à base de soro de queijo coalho com frutas.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2016) ABSTRACTThis work evaluated the effects of ionizing radiation on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of the potato cultivar Ágata (Solanum tuberosum L.), including budding and deterioration, with the end goal of increasing shelf life. For this, four groups of samples were harvested at the maturation stage. Three of them were separately exposed to a Co-60 source, receiving respective doses of 0.10, 0.15 and 2.00 kGy, while the non-irradiated group was kept as a control. All samples were stored for 35 days at 24 °C (± 2) and at 39% relative humidity. The following aspects were evaluated: budding, rot, loss of weight, texture, fl esh color, moisture, external and internal appearance, aroma, soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, protein, starch and glucose. The results indicated that 0.15 kGy was the most effective dose to reduce sprouting and post-harvest losses, under the conditions studied.
ResumoEste trabalho teve por finalidade desenvolver formulações de bebidas lácteas fermentadas com cultura probiótica (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus e Bifidobacterium bifidum) sabor cajá, caracterizando-as quanto à composição centesimal e estabilidade durante armazenamento refrigerado por 28 dias. As bebidas lácteas foram desenvolvidas através de um planejamento fatorial 3x3, com dois fatores e três níveis cada: Polpa de cajá (15, 20 e 25%) e Soro de leite (20, 30 e 40%), gerando nove formulações. Estas formulações foram submetidas ao teste sensorial de aceitabilidade. Posteriormente, três formulações foram selecionadas e avaliadas quanto as análises microbiológicas, composição centesimal, pH e acidez titulável. Como o Índice de Aceitabilidade foi superior a 70% em todas as formulações foram selecionadas as que apresentaram maior proporção de soro de leite, ou seja, F3, F6 e F9. Quanto à composição centesimal, as formulações não apresentaram diferença significativa (p>0,05) para carboidratos. As bebidas lácteas demonstraram estabilidade com relação ao pH e acidez durante a estocagem refrigerada por 28 dias e resultados satisfatórios quanto à investigação de microrganismos patogênicos de acordo com a legislação vigente. A quantificação de bactérias lácticas evidenciou contagens significativas para Lactobacillus acidophilus e Streptococcus thermophilus, valores entre 11,6 a 10,2 Log UFC/mL e 8,9 a 11 Log UFC/mL, respectivamente. A espécie Bifidobacterium bifidum apresentou contagem inferior a 6 Log UFC/mL. Diante dos resultados obtidos, as formulações de bebidas lácteas selecionadas apresentaram viabilidade nutricional, tecnológica e sensorial. Palavras-chave: Aceitabilidade, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, soro de leite AbstractThis work aims to develop formulations of fermented dairy beverages with probiotic cultures (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus e Bifidobacterium bifidum) yellow monbin
Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst recovery in water and milk samples was evaluated. Samples were inoculated with a suspension of 1.2×10 7 Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and submitted to centrifugal flotation, using different solutions (sucrose, NaCl, MgSO 4 , ZnSO 4 , AlSO 4 , NH 4 SO 4 40% and NH 4 SO 4 80%). Centrifugation of the samples was carried out in two stages for concentration using two methods that differed in the order in which the saturated solutions were used, namely only in the first stage of method I and only in the second stage of method II. Oocyst identification was performed using the Kinyoun and Koster histochemical staining techniques. Samples analyzed by method I showed different degree of oocyst recovery, namely 10.9% with NaCl and 42.5% with MgSO 4 in water and milk samples, while those samples analyzed by method II showed 10.6% with NaCl and 5.3% with sucrose in water and milk, respectively. Histochemical staining methods have no influence on the degree of oocysts recovery. The efficiency of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts recovery methods depends on the nature and composition of the sample and on the methodology used for oocyst concentration.
Coalho cheese is a dairy product typical of the Northeast region of Brazil and widely consumed by the population; however, the poor quality of the raw material used in association with the absence of standardization in the manufacturing process makes it susceptible to microbial contamination, mainly by Staphylococcus aureus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of chitosan as a coating and incorporated in coalho cheese on S. aureus viability and the sensorial acceptance of the cheese. For this, coalho cheeses were made with chitosan in the coating or added to the curds at 5 mg mL-1, 10 mg mL-1 and 15 mg mL-1 and 1 mg g-1, 2 mg g-1 and 4 mg g-1, respectively. Products without chitosan (C) and 1% acetic acid (CA) were used as controls. The bacterial inhibition of chitosan in the artificially contaminated samples was assessed by comparing the viable cell count of S. aureus (ATCC 6538) in each treatment over five time intervals (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 d storage). Product C was evaluated for moisture and fat content. The sensorial and shelf stability analyses were performed with the control and chitosan treated samples at the most efficient antibacterial concentrations. The sensorial analyses were performed with 100 consumers. Chitosan antimicrobial activity was observed in all treatments; however, the highest concentrations of chitosan added as a coating and to the cheese, 15 mg mL-1 and 4 mg g-1, respectively, inhibited S. aureus. The moisture and fat contents met the standards established by the Brazilian legislation. Regarding stability, the samples complied with the regulatory microbiological limits and presented acceptable pH, acidity and water activity values. As far as sensorial acceptance was concerned, the scores corresponded to hedonic concepts between "I liked it slightly" and "I liked it a lot", with an improvement in the texture of the products when chitosan was incorporated. Acceptability values were higher than 70%, except for the taste the products with chitosan covering them, which was 68.3%. It can be inferred from the results that the use of chitosan as a coating and incorporated in coalho cheese is a favourable alternative for the preservation of this product and has potential commercial applicability.
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