Body fat percentage is similar in nonobese women with prolactinoma and in controls. The lower body fat content in patients with normal PRL levels is likely to be due to the metabolic effects of adequate dopamine receptor type 2 (DR2) activation as a result of regular dopamine agonist treatment. This finding reinforces the importance of the appropriate treatment with dopamine agonists in women with prolactinoma, which, besides normalizing PRL levels, reduces body fat content and the consequent risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome and its complications.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in 30 men with prolactinoma, and compare them to 22 control subjects. BMD of lumbar spine and femur was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PRL, testosterone, estradiol, sexual hormone-binding globulin and free androgen and estrogen indexes (FAI and FEI, respectively) were measured in all the subjects. In patients with prolactinoma, mean values of PRL and testosterone were calculated for the 12-month period that preceded the study. The mean T-score of the four sites analyzed by bone densitometry was lower in men with prolactinoma than in controls (p-values: lumbar spine=0.015, femoral neck <0.0001, trochanter=0.037, total femur=0.036), and 55.6% of the former presented osteopenia or osteoporosis at one or more sites (p =0.035). The lumbar spine was the most seriously affected site, where 29.6% had osteopenia and 14.8% had osteoporosis. By the time of BMD determination, significant associations were found between BMD and PRL, testosterone, FAI, estradiol, FEI, and duration of hypogonadism. Considering the period of 12 months that preceded BMD evaluation, trochanter BMD was associated with mean PRL levels, while there was an association between lumbar spine BMD and mean testosterone levels. However, the multiple regression analysis showed that estradiol was the main determinant of BMD. In conclusion, men with prolactinoma have high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Bone loss in such patients is associated with hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism, and mainly influenced by estrogen.
QOL is impaired in women with microprolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists, and was inversely associated with the PRL levels. This latter finding reinforces the importance of providing adequate disease control for these patients in order to avoid the adverse consequences of hyperprolactinemia on QOL.
Based on the current ISCD criteria, bone density evaluation in women with prolactinoma reveals bone loss, especially of trabecular type. Bone density in these patients was particularly associated with the duration of amenorrhea, which reinforces the importance of the adequate disease control in women with prolactinoma in order to avoid complications of this disease.
Newly-diagnosed men with prolactinomas had higher body fat content. Body fat was linked to disease control, especially to the PRL and androgen levels. Consequently, adequate control of hyperprolactinemia should be pursued in order to reduce the risk of obesity and its metabolic complications in men with prolactinoma.
INTRODUÇÃOO herpes simples orofacial (HSO) -tanto em sua forma primá-ria quanto recorrente -é uma infecção de prevalência considerá-vel no mundo. Esta prevalência na população pediátrica, por sua vez, não é menos significativa. Etimologicamente, sabemos que o termo 'herpes' provém do grego antigo, que significa 'rastejar', 'arrastar-se' (1) .As lesões do herpes genital e oral são decorrentes de infecção pelo vírus herpes simples. O vírus herpes simples tipo 1 (HSV-1) ou herpesvírus humano 1 (HHV-1), é o agente etiológico principal das lesões vesiculares da região orofacial, enquanto o vírus herpes simples 2 (HSV-2), ou herpesvírus humano 2 (HHV-2) é a causa principal das lesões na região genital (2,3) . Entretanto, o HSV-1 pode levar a lesões na região genital e, embora mais raro, o HSV-2 pode ser manifestado na região orofacial (2,4) . As infecções pelos vírus herpes simples (HSV-1 e HSV-2) representam as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis mais comuns a nível global, alcançando uma soroprevalência de 80% em adultos, e apresentam um amplo espectro de acometimento clínico (4,5) .Esperamos, com esta revisão atualizada da literatura, abordando os aspectos clínicos da infecção por HSV-1, incluindo epidemiologia, etiologia, manifestações clínicas, métodos diagnósticos e tratamentos, bem como uma breve descrição da imunogenética da infecção pelo HSV-1, contribuir para o conhecimento sobre o HSO e seu manejo médico-clínico. ETIOLOGIA (1,6-8)Herpes é uma infecção causada por dois vírus da família Herpesviridae (herpes simples tipos 1 e 2), e pode afetar a região da boca, principalmente labial, órgãos genitais e áreas próximas. As formas de manifestação divergem de indivíduo para indivíduo.A família Herpesviridae abrange oito espécies passíveis de infectar seres humanos, que compartilham as seguintes características:• vírion apresentando um padrão arquitetural similar, composto de quatro partes: (a) núcleo eletrodenso, (b) capsídeo icosapentaédrico, (c) tegumento e (d) envelope; • são capazes de produzir várias espécies de enzimas, capazes de agir sobre o metabolismo dos ácidos nucleicos e proteínas da célula infectada (timidina quinase, DNA polimerase, helicase); • são capazes de assumir estado de latência infecciosa, e de se reativar periodicamente; • possuem genoma grande, com mais de 200 genes. RESUMOHerpes é uma infecção causada por dois vírus da família Herpesviridae (herpes simples tipos 1 e 2; HSV-1 e HSV-1), que apresenta curso clínico variável e para o qual atualmente não existe cura. As manifestações da infecção por HSV-1 incluem herpes simples orofacial primário e recorrente, enquanto as do HSV-2 em geral ocorrem na forma de herpes simples genital, embora casos de lesões genitais pelo HSV-1 e orais pelo HSV-2 possam ocorrer. As infecções pelo vírus herpes simples (HSV-1 e HSV-2) representam as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis mais comuns a nível global, alcançando uma soroprevalência de 80% em adultos. Nesta revisão da literatura, abordaremos os aspectos clínicos da infecção pelo HSV, incluindo a epidemiol...
Throughout the years evidence has been accumulated on the morbidity of hyperprolactinemia, particularly in terms of bone mineral density decrease. This complication of hyperprolactinemia affects both women and men. In this paper, we analyze aspects related to bone loss in men with hyperprolactinemia due to prolactinomas: prevalence, clinical relevance, physiopathology, diagnosis and the consequences of the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism on bone mineral density.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.