Karya tulis ini merupakan kajian keilmuan teoritik dengan metode library research sebagai problem solving terhadap suatu permasalahan. Tujuan penulisan ini, untuk mengetahui aktivitas fisik olahraga untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan siswa sekolah dasar. Hal tersebut dikarenakan bahwa usia anak sekolah dasar merupakan lanjutan setelah  masa emas (usia dini). Sehingga diperlukan konsep belajar atau aktivitas yang sesuai dengan usia tumbuh kembang nya. Berdasarkan karakteristik anak usia sekolah dasar yang senang bermain, bergerak, mengelompok, dan praktik langsung. Oleh karena itu, berkaitan dengan aktifitas tersebut disesuaikan dengan pertumbuhan fisiknya dan perkembangan emosional anak. Bentuk aktifitas fisik disesuaikan dengan jenjang umurnya: periode umur 7-8 tahun (SD kelas 1 dan 2), periode umur 9 tahun (SD kelas 3), periode umur 10-11 tahun (kelas 4 dan 5), dan periode umur 12-13 tahun (kelas 6). Sehingga, melalui aktifitas fisik yang tepat dan sesuai periode diharapkan akan berdampak pada pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan emosi optimal.

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Karya tulis ini mengkaji ilmu secara teoritik dengan metode kepustakaan yang bertujuan memberikan wawasan tentang aktivitas permainan tradisional berbasis neurosains learning sebagai pendidikan karakter untuk anak tunalaras dengan gangguan perilaku, emosi, dan sosial. Kondisi fisiologis anak gangguan perilaku, emosi, dan sosial pada dasarnya memiliki disfungsi sistem syaraf pusat sehingga timbul respon psikologis berupa perilaku yang cenderung menyimpang seperti gangguan kepribadian dan interaksi sosial. Permainan tradisional berbasis neurosains learning mengembangkan unsur pembelajaran berbasis masalah, simulasi dan permainan peran, diskusi aktif, tampilan visual, iklim positif. Permainan tradisional sebagai salah satu bentuk terapeutik karena memuat nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter sesuai kurikulum 2013 diantaranya karakter religious, nasionalis, integritas, mandiri, gotong royong. Permainan tradisional mengandung unsur aktivitas fisik, sehingga dimungkinkan berpengaruh terhadap sekresi hormone yang memicu perbaikan mood anak. Dampak dari hal tersebut, akan berpengaruh terhadap kondisi perilaku, emosi, dan sosial anak.Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas permainan tradisional berbasis neurosains learning dapat digunakan sebagai optimalisasi pendidikan karakter untuk anak dengan gangguan perilaku dan emosional.

The purpose of this study was to illuminate the experiences and understandings of adaptive physical education (APE) teachers in their implementation of the newly introduced K-13 curriculum in special needs schools (SLB) in Indonesia. This research is a replication of previous research (Sigid XXABSTRACT Setiawan, 2018) conducted with primary school physical education (PE) teachers. Twenty-six APE teachers aged 28-39 years (X = 34.04, SD = 3.46) who worked with various disabilities in SLB were involved as participants. Data collected were observations, interviews, and documentation working within a phenomenological framework. Results indicated that teachers’ experiences of the K-13 implementation were focused on (1) the acquisition of basic knowledge and competence, (2) the adoption of the scientific approach, (3) the use of authentic assessment, and (4) awareness of the supporting and inhibiting factors. The understandings arising from these experiences were that: (1) the required knowledge of APE SLB teachers could be found within the supporting government publications; (2) the scientific approach placed systematic student problem solving at its core, and; (3) authentic assessment involves a comprehensive focus on the learning and development of skills, attitudes and knowledge. A comparison of these findings with those of the primary teacher study showed that some of the additional understandings revealed by the Adapted PE teachers reflected some of the specific demands and challenges facing teachers in the context of special needs education. This research should serve as a reference for novice teachers in emphasizing that good K-13 curriculum learning at all levels must involve preparation for its implementation and its assessment. Recommendations for the value of ongoing research of this nature with a broader cohort of teachers are made.

This paper examines science theoretically with the method of literature aimed at writing this article to explore the optimization of aquatic activity as a play therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD children have major problems in communication, social interaction, behavior, interests, and motor skills. These disorders are important to overcome with the right treatment. Play therapy is one method that can be used to improve psychological and physical aspects. Aquatic activities as a form of play therapy are in the program sed adi five games aquatic include: 1) Fishing Nets Games; 2) Game Touching a Ball or Object; 3) Mini Water Polo Game; 4) Game Looking For Objects/ Coins; 5) Game of Sowing Objects/ Coins. The aquatic game in the program can improve and develop aspects of psychology, namely behavior, emotions, and social, with communication included. Aquatic activity as a program cannot be separated from the concept of frequency, intensity, time, and type (FITT), psychic therapy program as well as an exercise program to improve the aerobic, flexibility, and neuromuscular components in ASD children and adolescents. Based on the results of previous studies found that the aquatic activity has a significant effect as a play therapy for ASD children. The conclusion of this article is that the aquatic game program can be used as a play therapy for ASD children. The program was given by paying attention to the FITT concept during the five aquatic game program.