Stable partnership between the parents, higher maternal and paternal schooling levels and higher economic level were the factors associated with better opportunities for motor stimulation in the home.

OBJECTIVE:To assess the opportunities present in the home environment for motor development of infants. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study on 239 infants aged three to 18 months who were living in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010. The participants were selected by means of stratifi ed random sampling, in clustered multiple stages. To assess the quality and quantity of motor stimulus in the home environment, the "Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development -Infant Scale" instrument was used. Bivariate analysis was performed, with application of the chi-square test followed by multinomial logistic regression, in order to investigate associations between the opportunities present in the home and biological, behavioral, demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS:The opportunities for environmental stimulation were relatively low. In the bivariate analysis, for the age group from three to nine months, associations with the following factors were found: birth order (p = 0.06), socioeconomic classifi cation (p = 0.08), monthly income (p = 0.06) and per capita income (p = 0.03). In the regression model, the socioeconomic classifi cation prevailed (OR = 7.46; p = 0.03). For the age group from 10 to 18 months, bivariate analysis showed that the following factors were associated: mother's marital status (p < 0.01), father living with the child (p = 0.08), head of the family (p = 0.04), number of people in the household (p = 0.05), mother's schooling level (p < 0.01), father's schooling level (p < 0.01), socioeconomic classifi cation (p < 0.01) and per capita income (p = 0.03). In the regression model, the mother's marital status (OR = 4.83; p = 0.02), mother's schooling level (OR = 0.29; p = 0.03) and father's schooling level (OR = 0.33; p = 0.04) remained associated with the opportunities for environmental stimulation. CONCLUSIONS:Stable partnership between the parents, higher maternal and paternal schooling levels and higher economic level were the factors associated with better opportunities for motor stimulation in the home.

Introduction: The Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method is a significant neonatal alternative that ensures better quality humanized care for preterm and low birth weight newborns. Objective: To analyze the immediate physiological effects of the kangaroo position in critically ill newborns. Methods: Open clinical trial with parallel interventions, involving preterm (up to 28 days old) low or very low birth weight newborns (minimum weight of 1,250 grams) of both sexes, that were clinically stable and undergoing enteral nutrition. The degree of respiratory distress was assessed and quantified using the Silverman-Anderson scoring system. Heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were collected using a pulse oximeter. Respiratory rate was determined by auscultation for one minute. The newborns were submitted to the kangaroo position once only, for 90 minutes. Results: Participants were 30 newborns, 56.7% of which were girls. Comparison of the variables before and after application of the kangaroo position using the Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant reduction in respiratory rate (p = 0.02) and Silverman-Anderson score (p < 0.01). The remaining variables showed no significant differences: heart rate (p = 0.21), peripheral oxygen saturation (p = 0.26) and axillary temperature (p = 0.12). Conclusion: There was a decline in the respiratory rate and Silverman-Anderson score after application of the kangaroo position, while peripheral oxygen saturation, axillary temperature and heart rate remained stable.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the many factors regarding socioeconomic and healthcare-related variables linked to maternal diseases and the possible impact of the environmental disaster of Mariana, given the prenatal exposure to different water sources for human consumption that were associated with low birthweight in full-term live births in the Municipal Hospital of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais. METHODS: Case-control study, carried out with live births at the Municipal Hospital of Governador Valadares, from May 2017 to July 2018. The case group consisted of full-term live births and low birthweight, and the control group consisted of full-term live births with adequate weight, matched by gender and date of birth. For each case, two controls were selected. Data collection was performed through interviews with the puerperal women, and complementary information was obtained by analyzing the prenatal card and medical records. For data analysis, logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: The study included 65 live births from the case group and 130 from the control group. After the analysis was adjusted for other factors under study, we found that the higher risks of low birthweight are associated with the first childbirth (OR = 2.033; 95%CI = 1.047–3.948; p = 0.036), smoking during pregnancy (OR = 2.850; 95%CI = 1.013–8.021; p = 0.047) and consumption of water supplied by the municipalities affected by the tailings from the Fundão dam failure (RC = 2.444; 95%CI = 1.203–4.965; p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The variables “water consumed during pregnancy,” “previous pregnancies” and “maternal smoking” were associated with low birthweight in the population studied. The importance of epidemiological studies that assess water quality and its adverse health effects is reinforced, as well as greater prenatal control of first-time pregnant women and greater support of policies against smoking, especially during pregnancy.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a violência contra a mulher durante a gestação e verificar a associação com os fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, obstétricos, comportamentais, de assistência à saúde e doenças na gestação. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com puérperas cujo parto ocorreu no Hospital Municipal de Governador Valadares, em Minas Gerais, no período de maio de 2017 a julho de 2018. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista, e informações complementares foram obtidas pela análise do cartão de pré-natal e prontuário. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 771 puérperas. Dessas, 62 (8,0%) relataram ter sofrido violência física, psicológica ou sexual durante a gestação. As gestantes com maior chance de terem sofrido violência foram as dependentes de álcool (RC = 4,97; IC95% 2,30–10,75; p < 0,001), as que não realizaram o pré-natal (RC = 3,88; IC95% 1,00–15,09; p = 0,050), as que usaram os serviços de saúde de forma emergencial durante a gravidez (RC = 2,47; IC95% 1,42–4,30; p = 0,001) e que apresentaram diabetes gestacional (RC = 2,59; IC95% 1,06–6,32; p = 0,037) e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (RC = 3,85; IC95% 1,41–10,50; p = 0,009). CONCLUSÃO: A violência contra a gestante está associada a fatores comportamentais e relacionados à assistência à saúde e doenças na gestação. É imprescindível o reconhecimento dos fatores associados pelos profissionais de saúde, por meio de ações de rastreamento de situações de violência contra a mulher desde o início do pré-natal, a fim de possibilitar intervenção precoce.

Introduction: The home environment is a fundamental agent for infant development in the first year of life. Objective: To evaluate the opportunities for environmental stimulation and the motor development of infants at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age and determine the association between these opportunities and the parents’ schooling and economic levels, at each age studied. Methods: This is a longitudinal study using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to assess motor development, the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) questionnaire to assess the stimulation opportunities at home, and the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP) questionnaire to classify the economic level of the families. The association between opportunities for environmental stimulation and schooling and economic levels was determined by the chi-squared test. Results: Thirty-seven infants participated, 54.1% of whom were boys. At 3 months of age, the opportunities for environmental stimulation were unsatisfactory, while at 6, 9, and 12 months satisfactory opportunities predominated. Three infants scored below 10% on the AIMS at 3 months of age, indicating delayed motor development. There was a significant association between economic level and total AHEMD-IS score (p = 0.031), and the toy dimension for gross (p = 0.016) and fine (p = 0.043) motor skills. Conclusion: The infants’ home environment did not provide sufficient opportunities for stimulation in the first months, but improved during the first year. Motor development was considered delayed for three infants, but was suitable in subsequent evaluations.

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo é verificar se há relação entre o comprimento dos isquiotibiais, função motora grossa e marcha em crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC). Os participantes, entre 6 e 18 anos, foram classificados pelo Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS) nos níveis I, II e III através da escala Tardieu modificada, para avaliar o comprimento dos músculos isquiotibiais, sendo identificados em: R1 (primeira resistência da extensão da perna), R2 (segunda resistência da extensão da perna) e R2-R1 (diferença entre R1 e R2) do membro inferior esquerdo e direito. Para avaliar a função motora grossa, foi utilizado o teste gross motor function measure (GMFM-88), e a escala physicians rating scale modificada (PRS) foi utilizada para avaliar a marcha. Vinte e três participantes foram incluídos e os resultados evidenciaram correlações moderadas entre R1, R2 e PRS do membro inferior esquerdo e GMFM. As demais variáveis apresentaram uma correlação fraca.

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