This study uses structural equation models to describe how objective neighborhood, perceived neighborhood, and environmental support predict mental health; 792 adolescents responded to highly structured interviews. The effect of objective environment on mental health was mediated through its influence on perceived neighborhood. Environmental support mitigated negative perceptions of environment and the effect of perceived environment on mental health, while exposure to violence augmented the negative effect of perceived environment.

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This study refines and tests an individual client model of service use and contrasts it with a model of service provision based on gateway provider perspectives. Structural equation models demonstrate that provider variables account for more service use variation than client variables. The client model accounts for 24% of the variance in service use, while the provider model accounts for 55% of the variance. Youth self-reported mental health was not positively associated with increased services or with provider perception of youth mental health. The provider model demonstrates the critical role played by provider perceptions, which are influenced more by work environment than by client problems.

This paper posits that providers with training in and knowledge of mental health resources are more likely to recognize youths' mental health problems, and provide youths with services. In 1994 and 1996, we interviewed 792 adolescents who were involved with St. Louis public health, juvenile justice, child welfare. or education service sectors. Two hundred eighty-two youths had received some services, listing 533 providers. We could identify 364 of those providers, and 61% (222) responded concerning service need, service use, and provider knowledge and behavior. Structural equation models demonstrate that provider assessment of youths' mental health problems is the largest and provider knowledge of service resources the second largest determinant of service provision. Youths' self-reported mental health is not positively associated with increased services and is only minimally associated with provider assessment of their problems. Training (both professional and inservice) contributes to higher assessments of youths' problems and greater resource knowledge, which is associated with increased service provision. Providers from the mental health and child welfare sectors have more professional training in mental health and are more likely to receive inservice training. Inservice training should be offered to all who work with youths.

Substance-specific services are tailored to address the inappropriate use of chemicals such as alcohol and marijuana. Unfortunately, few teens ever access such need-based services. This article explores the paths to substance-specific service use in a sample of urban adolescents who are public service sector users: a direct path from substance misuse and an indirect path from general mental health service use. Results indicate that even though a significant percentage of youths frequently consume substances and display negative use-related behaviors, few actually received substance-specific services. Contributors to the substance misuse path included youths' family substance dependence and environmental stressors. Contributors to the mental health services path were comorbid depression and substance misuse.

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