Electro‐optic (E‐O) materials are essential to modern information society, especially for optical switches, modulators, and filters in optical communication. In this paper, ultrahigh transparent (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐xPbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are fabricated. The effect of Sm‐doping content (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mol%) on PMN‐PT transparent ceramics is systematically investigated on the optical transparency, electro‐optic coefficient, extinction ratio, and half‐wave voltage. Results indicate that 0.5 mol% Sm‐doped PMN‐PT ceramic shows the optimal comprehensive performance, including high transparency of 69.6%, large quadratic E‐O coefficient of 35 × 10–16 m2 V−2, decent extinction ratio of 32 dB, and low half‐wave voltage (113 V at d = L = 1 mm). An electro‐optic modulator is designed based on the PMN‐PT transparent ceramics and its application in optical communication is realized, such as rapid information modulation, analog signal (audio frequency), and digital signal (graphic patterns) transmission. These results indicate that Sm‐doped PMN–xPT transparent ceramics are promising candidates for E‐O modulation applications.
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dihalides (TMDHs) have been receiving extensive attention due to their diversified magnetic properties and promising applications in spintronics. However, controlled growth of 2D TMDHs remains challenging owing to their extreme sensitivity to atmospheric moisture. Herein, using a home-built nitrogen-filled interconnected glovebox system, a universal chemical vapor deposition synthesis route of high-quality 2D TMDH flakes (1T-FeCl 2 , FeBr 2 , VCl 2 , and VBr 2 ) by reduction of their trihalide counterparts is developed. Representatively, ultrathin (∼8.6 nm) FeCl 2 flakes are synthesized on SiO 2 /Si, while on graphene/Cu foil the thickness can be down to monolayer (1L). Reflective magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy shows an interlayer antiferromagnetic ordering of FeCl 2 with a Neel temperature at ∼17 K. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy further identify the atomic-scale structures and band features of 1L and bilayer FeCl 2 on graphene/Cu foil.
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