Treatment-resistant depression occurs in about 20% of all Major Deppresion Disorder patients. In addition to the high cost of treatment to be borne, the high functional disability rate, the suicide rate triggered by the disorder is also quite large. Various efforts were made to overcome this, including dose optimization and duration of treatment, substitution of drug selection, combination therapy and augmentation using non-antidepressant drugs and bilateral electroconvulsion therapy. Current pharmacological options according to some experts are no more efficacious than the 1950s. Clearly, a novel therapeutic approach to treatment - resistant depression disorders is urgently needed. Over the last few decades, there has been a renewed interest in focal neuromodulation as a treatment approach for neuropsychiatric conditions. The neuromodulation-based interventions discussed include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), which are non invasive intervention therapy and Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), which are invasive interventional therapies. This literature review proves that, although today only TMS and VNS have been approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, but neuromodilation-based intervention therapy has proven to be promising as a more effective and efficient resistant depression therapy in the future.
BACKGROUND: The population of Indonesia continues to increase every year. Family planning is an effort to create a guaranteed or qualified family by regulating the number of children, birth spacing, and the age of delivered women, allowing pregnancy to occur to create a healthy and prosperous Indonesia. The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2017 was 2.4, but to create a qualified family and a balanced population, the TFR must be based on a decrease in 2020–2021. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between ages, education, knowledge, work status, and support from husbands with injection contraceptive acceptors. METHOD: This study used the analytical observational cross-sectional design. The sampling technique was non-random purposive sampling, with a sample size of 96 people; a questionnaire was used to collect data and data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test with IBM SPSS Statistics 21. RESULTS: The percentage of respondents who were injection contraceptive acceptors was 57.3%. The results showed that the variables associated with injection visit compliance were age (p = 0.022), knowledge (p = 0.005), and work status (p = 0.017). Meanwhile, the variables not related to compliance with injection visits were education (p = 0.172), husband’s support (p = 0.833), number of children (p = 0.167), and house distance (p = 0.054). CONCLUSION: The factor that most influenced acceptors’ compliance with injection visits was knowledge of contraception.
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder accompanied by prominent hallucinations or delusions. The individual must be ill for at least 6 months and need not be psychotically active during that time. Schizophrenia is classified into several types. Enforcement of the type of diagnosis of schizophrenia can be established through history taking in the patient and family, then a diagnosis is made according to ICD-10. Treatment can be in the form of pharmacological or psychosocial therapy. Case Reports: A 32-year-old male patient came with his family, the patient looked anxious. The patient comes with the main complaint that he is often angry because he often hears voice whispers. The patient also complains of rapid mood changes. According to the family, this has been happening since 2015. He had been on treatment for a while but only got better shortly after that it came back again. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder in which the patient does not have contact with reality which is characterized by major disturbances in thoughts and emotions and experiences delusions and hallucinations. Schizophrenia can be treated using antipsychotics and psychosocial. The prognosis of patients with schizophrenia depends on family support.
Introduction: Digital learning environments have been proven could affect students’ learning motivation before the COVID-19 pandemic era. This study investigates the correlation between perceptions of the learning environment with learning motivation among first-year undergraduate medical students after joining their first-time-ever full-distance learning activities.
Acute psychotic and transient disorders have annually increased, especially in developing countries. The highest prevalence for acute Psychotic disorders is currently in three developing countries, namely Ibadan, Nigeria, and India. Reported the most causes by psychosocial factors and biological factors. Acute and Transient Psychotic disorders have an annual incidence rate of about 3.9% to 9.6% of the 100.000 population. The reported prevalence range from 10% to 50% mostly in the first year. We aim to report a case of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders accompanied by suicide attempts to increase cases so that psychiatrists should be able to make a diagnosis quickly and precisely because it is included in the emergency psychiatric. Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders often cause symptoms in the form of acts of self - harm or others, in the form of committing suicide, which is a very important social phenomenon and requires attention not only from a psychiatrist but also the general public. The phenomenon of suicide has spread to almost all parts of the world, both in countries with advanced technology and in developing countries. Integrated management of this case is clinically oriented to a biopsychosocial model that is used as a basic principle in the clinical practice of a doctor in building relationships with patients. In this case, we reported a 24 – year - old male, the first attack, occurring within one week, and accompanied by suicidal thoughts. So it is necessary to take a biopsychosocial approach that aims for comprehensive and sustainable interventions.
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