Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of treating osmotic diarrhea and dehydration in calves with hypertonic saline solution (HSS) IV, isotonic electrolyte solution (IES) PO, and a combination of these 2 solutions (HSS + IES).Experimental Design: Eighteen male calves 8-30 days of age were used to evaluate the efficacy of 3 methods of fluid therapy after induction of osmotic diarrhea and dehydration. The diarrhea and dehydration were induced by administration of saccharose, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide for 48 hours. The animals were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: Group 1: 7.2% hypertonic saline solution-HSS (5 mL/kg IV); Group 2: oral isotonic electrolyte solution IES (60 mL/kg PO); or Group 3: HSS+IES. Clinical signs and laboratory finding observed 48 hours post-induction (Time 0) included diarrhea, dehydration, lethargy, and metabolic acidosis.Results: Calves treated with HSS + IES experienced decreases in hematocrit, total protein concentration, albumin concentration, urea nitrogen concentration, and plasma volume as well as increases in blood pH, blood bicarbonate concentration, and central venous pressure between 1 and 3 hours post-treatment. These findings also were observed in animals treated with IES, however, at a slower rate than in the HSS + IES-treated animals. Animals treated with HSS continued to display signs of dehydration, lethargy, and metabolic acidosis 24 hours post-treatment.Conclusion: Treatment with a combination of HSS and IES produced rapid and sustainable correction of hypovolemia and metabolic acidosis in calves with noninfections diarrhea and dehydration.

RESUMO Nos anos de 2001 e 2002, 46 cabritos (CAB) e 35 cordeiros (COR) de uma propriedade do agreste do Estado de Pernambuco foram acometidos por ataxia enzoótica (AE) de forma tardia. Houve aumento da incidência do 1 o ano (46,3% -CAB; 24,2% COR) para o ano subseqüente (100% -CAB e COR

The results show that ovine blood undergoes hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical changes during storage. Further studies are required to establish RBC viability in CPDA-1 bags after a storage period of 35 days.

In this study, serum samples of 203 animals from different locations, from zoos and breeding facilities from the north and northeast regions of Brazil, were analyzed for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT) with a cutoff of 1:25. Of the sampled animals, 184 were adult mammals of both sexes and 19 were birds. Antibodies were found in 61 of 184 mammals, and no association between sex and age of the animals and the presence of T. gondii antibodies was observed (P < 0.05). Anti-T gondii antibodies were not found in birds. Toxoplasma gondii was detected in Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) for the first time.

This work aimed to study the possible relationships among the magnitude of abomasal worm burden and the proliferation of globular leucocytes and mucosal mast cells in the abomasal mucosa, and the white blood cell count. Eighteen Suffolk × Greyface lambs were infected with Haemonchus contortus, and 12 were kept free of nematodes. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, and 57 post-infection (p.i.) for leucogram determination. At day 62, all animals were euthanized to count the total number of nematodes recovered in the abomasum and to count the number of mucosal mast cells and globular leucocytes. On day 57, higher levels of parasitism corresponded to lower leucocyte counts. The infected groups had lower lymphocyte counts throughout the experimental period. Animals with higher numbers of parasites had lower neutrophil and eosinophil counts on day 57. The lower the worm burden, the greater the number of mucosal mast cells (r=-0.85; p<0.01) and globular leucocytes (r=-0.87, p<0.01) observed. The sheep most resistant to haemochosis had greater peripheral and tissue cellular immune responses.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Neospora caninum, and anti- Leishmania chagasi antibodies in dogs of the state of Pará, Brazil. For this purpose, 129 blood samples were collected from dogs of different ages and gender. Samples of 72 dogs were collected from 39 rural properties from 19 municipalities, and 57 samples were from stray dogs, collected after captivity by the Center of Zoonosis Control from the municipality of Santarém. The sera were analyzed for anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody tests with cutoff values of 1:16 and 1:50, respectively. For the presence of L. chagasi antibodies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used and positive results were confirmed by immunochromatographic method using the recombinant antigen K39. Of the total of 129 dogs, 90 (69.8%) were positive for T. gondii, 16 (12.4%) for N. caninum, and 30 (23.3%) for L. chagasi. Antibodies for all three parasites were found simultaneously in seven dogs (5.4%), mostly in urban dogs (six of seven). No association was observed related to gender and location (urban or rural) of dogs and occurrence of N. caninum and T. gondii antibodies although, regarding L. chagasi, higher prevalence was found in females (P < 0.02) and in dogs from urban location (P < 0.001). From the 39 farms, in 30 (76.9%) at least one dog was positive for T. gondii or N. caninum or both. Higher occurrence of Leishmania antibodies was observed in N. caninum-negative dogs (P < 0.05).

A acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA) pode surgir após a ingestão exagerada e súbita de dietas ricas em carboidratos solúveis em ruminantes pouco adaptados às mesmas. Tais carboidratos são rapidamente fermentados no rúmen gerando elevada produção de ácido láctico. Esse ácido provoca um quadro de acidose, inicialmente no rúmen e em seguida sistêmico, levando frequentemente os animais à morte ResumoUtilizaram-se cinco garrotes Jersey (J) (Bos taurus) e cinco Gir (G) (Bos indicus) para comparar a susceptibilidade racial, por meio do quadro clínico, à acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA), induzida experimentalmente. A ALRA foi caracterizada por taquicardia, redução dos movimentos ruminais, diarreia, desidratação e depressão no estado geral. Embora os bovinos G apresentassem maior taquicardia e uma tendência a uma desidratação mais severa, assim como estase ruminal, foram os J que manifestaram maior depressão no estado geral, requerendo um tratamento mais intenso para a recuperação. A normalização do apetite após o tratamento da ALRA foi mais demorada nos bovinos J. O conjunto de resultados indicou que os bovinos J são mais susceptíveis a desenvolverem quadros mais graves de ALRA, que os G. Quanto maior o déficit do volume plasmático, mais intensa a taquicardia (r = 0,67); não ocorreu influência do pH sanguíneo sobre a frequência cardíaca (r = -0,25).Palavras-chave: Bovinos. Raças. Susceptibilidade. Acidose láctica. Quadro clínico. AbstractTo compare the clinical signs and the susceptibility to acute rumen lactic acidosis (ARLA), experimentally induced, five Jersey (J) (Bos taurus) and five Gir (G) (Bos indicus) steers were used. The ARLA caused in all animals tachycardia, decreased rumen movement, diarrhoea, and dehydration; Although G steers presented higher tachycardia and tendency to a more severe dehydration, the J steers exhibited a pronounced depression in the general state, requiring an intense treatment to recover. J steers needed more time to recover the normal appetite. Thus, regarding clinical picture, was observed that J steers are more susceptible to ARLA than G. Positive correlation was found between plasma volume deficit and tachycardia (r = 0.67); blood pH did not influence heart rate (r= -0.25).

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical, haematological and biochemical responses to autologous blood transfusion and the feasibility of this practice in sheep. Thus, we used eight male, 8 months old sheep, weighing on average 30 kg, from which 15 mL/kg of whole blood was collected and stored in CPDA-1 bags. Blood samples were refrigerated for 8 days and subsequently re-infused. The clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated before blood collection and reinfusion, after 10 minutes of collection and reinfusion, after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 hours after collection and reinfusion.ResultsWith respect to clinical parameters, we observed a decrease in heart rate after 24, 48 and 196 hours from reinfusion compared to basal values (p < 0.05). Haematological variables including globular volume and erythrocyte counts showed a significant decrease (p < 0.01) at all time points after collection and increased (p < 0.01) at all time points after reinfusion. There was a significant increase in total protein and calcium at all time points after reinfusion (p < 0.05).ConclusionAutologous transfusion in sheep slightly altered the physiological, biochemical and haematological responses of sheep, indicating that the technique proposed is safe and can be applied in the clinical practice of this species. The 8 d period was not sufficient for complete recovery of the haematological parameters after blood collection.