Electrospinning is a relatively simple method to produce submicron fibers from solutions of different polymers and polymer blends. If the solution is absolutely insulating, or the applied voltage is not high enough that electrostatic force cannot overcome the surface tension, then no fiber can be produced by electrospinning; however, if some salt is added in the solution, the problem can be overcome. The effect of different salts on electrospinning of polyacrlonitrile (PAN) polymer solution was investigated in this article. The various inorganic salts used in this work include LiCl, NaNO 3 , NaCl, and CaCl 2 .The results show that when the salts were added, respectively, into different concentrations of PAN solution, the order of conductant was LiCl > NaNO 3 > CaCl 2 > NaCl > no salt added. Viscosity and shearing strength of electrospinning solutions are slightly affected by the adding of salts and mainly affected by the changes in concentration of PAN electrospinning solutions. The diameter of nanofibers electrospun by solutions with different salts size down as follows: LiCl > NaNO 3 > CaCl 2 > NaCl.
Smart textiles are envisioned to make a paradigm shift in wearable technologies to directly impart functionality into the fibers rather than integrating sensors and electronics onto conformal substrates or skin in wearable devices. Among smart materials, piezoelectric fabrics have not been widely reported, yet. Piezoelectric smart fabrics can be used for mechanical energy harvesting, for thermal energy harvesting through the pyroelectric effect, for ferroelectric applications, as pressure and force sensors, for motion detection, and for ultrasonic sensing. We report on mechanical and material properties of the plied nanofibrous piezoelectric yarns as a function of postprocessing conditions including thermal annealing and drawing (stretching). In addition, we used a continuous electrospinning setup to directly produce P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers and convert them into twisted plied yarns, and demonstrated application of these plied yarns in woven piezoelectric fabrics. The results of this work can be an early step toward realization of piezoelectric smart fabrics.
College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing,
China The present study reports post-electrospinning crosslinking of
guar/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/citric acid nanofiber membranes by heat
treatment. Porous, interconnected nonwoven nanofiber membranes (average
diameter 194?23 nm) were electrospun from a homogeneous blend of 1wt% guar
gum and 8wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution (3:7 weight ratio) containing 5 wt%
(by the total weight of the solution) citric acid. The electrospun nanofiber
membranes were then cured at 140 oC for 2 h. The crosslinked nanofiber
membranes were insoluble in water, while the non-crosslinked membranes
dissolved instantaneously. FT-IR spectrum investigates that crosslinking of
guar/PVA occurred through esterfication reaction during heat treatment.
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