Music therapy during SWL reduced pain and anxiety. Music therapy with NCHs was more effective for pain and anxiety reduction. To reduce pain and anxiety, nonpharmacologic therapies such as music therapy with NCHs during SWL should be investigated further and used routinely.
In this study, pathological stage was found to be the most important factor affecting urethral recurrence and prostatic stromal invasion was an important prognostic factor in these cases. Although risk factors for urethral recurrence were similar in both groups, urethral recurrence rates were significantly lower in OCD group when compared to IC group.
Aims: To investigate the effect of sildenafil on uroflowmetry values of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). Methods: Thirty-eight consecutive patients and 15 control subjects without voiding symptoms were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent uroflowmetry testing thrice on different occasions. The highest maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) values with a sufficient voided volume (≧150 ml) were evaluated. The patients and controls were seen the day after the initial uroflowmetry measurements and were given 100 mg sildenafil. Afterwards uroflowmetry was repeated. The uroflowmetry values of both groups before and after sildenafil were compared. Results: Of the 38 patients, 29 (76%) showed improvement in flow rates. The mean Qmax was 11.4 ± 0.39 and 15.7 ± 0.74 ml/s before and after sildenafil, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean percentage difference in Qmax was +38% higher after sildenafil. The mean average flow rate (Qave) and the mean voiding time values were also significantly improved. The mean voided volumes of the patients before and after sildenafil were 241 ± 78 and 264 ± 72 ml, respectively (p = 0.07). There were no significant differences in the Qmax, Qave and voided volumes of the control group. Conclusions: Sildenafil exhibits a significant improvement in Qmax and Qave rates in men with LUTS.
Paraoxonase and arylesterase enzymes are corner stones of antioxidant defence. We aimed to compare azoospermic infertile men and normozoospermic individuals with respect to total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase and arylesterase levels in the blood and seminal plasma. Two-hundred consecutive infertility patients and voluntarily participated were included. In the normozoospermic group, TAS, PON, arylesterase values were statistically significantly higher when compared with those in the azoospermic group, while lower TOS and OSI levels were observed in the blood and seminal plasma of azoospermic group. In the semen analyses of normozoospermic group, the correlation between semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility and morphology and TAS, TOS, OSI, PON and arylesterase values was examined. A negative correlation was determined between semen volume and OSI. Levels of serum oxidative parameters were higher in the azoospermic group relative to normozoospermic group, but antioxidant parameters were lower than those of the normozoospermic group. Oxidative stress performs an essential role in the aetiology of male infertility by negatively influencing sperm quality and function. Assessment of blood and seminal plasma oxidative profiles might be an important tool to better evaluation of sperm reproductive capacity and functional competence.
This study analyzed the impact of an immediate second transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) protocol on residual tumor status at the initial TURBT session and the recurrence rate in the primary resection area. We prospectively evaluated and randomized 47 consecutive patients who underwent TURBT sessions for bladder cancer. In accordance with the inclusion criteria, of the 47 consecutive patients, 19 (Group I) underwent immediate second resection of the tumor bed after complete TUR and 28 (Group II) did not. After standard TURBT, Group I underwent a second cystoscopy and resection of the bed of the tumor or an ignored tumor, which was performed by a different urologist. After 4-6 weeks, delayed second TURB was performed, and all pathological results were evaluated. Tumors were detected in two patients during the immediate second resection. Of these, one was a misdiagnosed tumor, whereas the other was diagnosed at the bed of the tumor by pathological examination. Tumors were detected in nine patients at the delayed second TURB, of which only one was part of Group I, while the others were part of Group II (p = 0.04). The results of this study demonstrated that residual tumors may remain after initial TURB, either in the tumor bed or in a different location within the bladder. Although this was a pilot study enrolling only a small number of patients, our initial results supported the assertion that immediate second resection can be an alternative to standard second TURBT.
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