Condyloma acuminata (CA) known as anogenital wart is the most frequent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. This highly infectious disease is caused by the human papilloma virus, whose its high reccurence rates contribute to direct medical costs, productivity loss and increased psychosocial impact. Thus, the prevention of this viral disease is more important than focusing on its treatment. This cross sectional retrospective study assesed the gender differences in sociodemographic characteristics and sexual risk factors of CA patients. There were 94 newly diagnosed CA patients, 47 males (50%) and 47 females (50%) during the period of January 2013- December 2017. The demographic data were taken from medical record and the additional data about the risk factors were from the questionnaires. Chi-square test was performed to compare between genders and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was significant difference between genders on all sociodemographic characteristics (age, occupation, education, marrital status) and risk factors (HIV/AIDS infection, condom using, age at the first sexual intercourse, number of lifetime sexual partner, type of intercourse) among CA patients. Our study revealed that male CA patients were mostly single, employed and multipartner, while CA female patients were mostly married, housewives and singlepartners.
This is an in-vitro experimental study to analyze the effect of Exo-HUVEC on endothelial cell (CD31), cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and collagen type 1 on irradiated fibroblast with UVB as photo-aging model. Patients and Methods: Fibroblast cultures were divided into 5 groups, namely without UVB exposure, UVB exposure 600mJ/cm 2 for 80 seconds as photo-aging model, and UVB exposure +Exo-HUVEC exposure 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. The endothelial cell was stained with a CD31 marker, MMP-1 were examined with ELISA, cell proliferation is detected using an MTT assay; meanwhile, collagen type 1 deposition and endothelial cell were measured using flowcytometry.Results: This study found positive endothelial cell marker CD31. Significant difference was found in cell proliferation, MMP-1 and collagen type 1 level between the control group with UVB irradiation and the treatment group with Exo-HUVEC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exo-HUVEC significantly increases cell proliferation and collagen type 1 level, while decrease MMP-1 levels on irradiated fibroblast; therefore, Exo-HUVEC ameliorate the photo-aging of skin fibroblast.
Penuaan kulit terbagi menjadi penuaan intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Penuaan ekstrinsik terjadi akibat paparan luar sedangkan penuaan intrinsik merupakan kondisi fisiologis akibat kerusakan DNA. Mekanisme utama penuaan kulit adalah reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS mengaktivasi faktor transkripsi matriks metaloproteinase (MMP). MMP-1 mampu mendegradasi kolagen I dan III, menyebabkan pengurangan penyebaran/kekuatan mekanis fibroblas pada kulit yang menua, sehingga kulit berkerut dan tidak kenyal. Penggunan D-gal dapat menginduksi ROS dan advanced glycation end products (AGE). Tikus muda galur Sprague-Dawley(16 minggu), tikus model penuaan intrinsik dengan induksi D-galaktosa (usia induksi 8 minggu), dan tikus tua (18 bulan) digunakan pada penelitian ini. Kulit dari punggung diambil dan dilakukan HE. Gambaran klinis menunjukkan tikus muda memiliki bulu halus, berwarna putih kekuningan bersih, tebal dengan mata merah jernih tanpa hiperpigmentasi di telinga sedangkan kulit tikus model tua tampak bulu kering, kasar, rontok dan berwarna kuning kecoklatan dengan kekeruhan pada lensa mata. Pengamatan histologis menunjukkan pada tikus muda tampak epidermis tebal, rete ridge normal, kolagen padat dan lemak subkutan cukup. Tikus model tua tampak epidermis menipis, pendataran rete ridge, kolagen berkurang dan lemak berkurang. Kulit dengan proses penuaan akan mengalami perubahan struktural, biokimia, persepsi neurosensoris, permeabilitas, respon terhadap cedera, dan peningkatan insidensi penyakit kulit. Perubahan struktural yang konsisten pada kulit menua adalah dermo-epidermal junction flattening akibat hilangnya papila dermis serta berkurangnya interdigitasi antar lapisan. Pemberian D-galaktosa menunjukkan peningkatan NO, MDA serta penurunan SOD, GSH, GSH-Px. Disimpulkan bahwa induksi penuaan dengan D-galaktosa berhasil membuat perubahan penuaan pada tikus muda menjadi mendekati tikus tua secara klinis dan histopatologis.
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