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Fungi of Pleurotus genus have attracted a great interest due to their medicinal properties such as antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor. These properties are attributed mainly to polysaccharides synthesized by Pleurotus. This work aimed to study the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus in submerged culture, evaluating the influence of the initial concentration of substrate (20 and 40 g/L of glucose) and the pH (4 and 6) on kinetic parameters of production of biomass. The effectiveness of different doses (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg) of a mycelium polysaccharide fraction extracted from P. ostreatus in reducing Sarcoma 180 development in mice was also verified. In the range of this study, maximum concentration of mycelial biomass (about 12.8 g/L) was obtained using 40.0 g/L of glucose, at pH 4.0. The total biomass productivity (Px) was not significantly affected by substrate concentration and pH, reaching values of 0.034 g/L.h. Sarcoma 180 tumor weight was reduced in 74.1, 75.5 and 53.7% when 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg were administered, respectively. These results show the high antitumor potential of intracellular polysaccharide fraction of mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus, particularly at lower doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg.

This study evaluated the use of immersion water from peach palm leaves (PPLDA) as a component of the culture medium for the maintenance of Pleurotus spp. and the use of agricultural waste, peach palm leaves, as inoculum support for the fungi. The performance of the inoculum based on peach palm leaves (PPL) for the production of Pleurotus spp. fruiting bodies was compared with that using wheat grains (WG) as inoculum support. PPLDA culture medium (immersion water of peach palm leaves, dextrose, and agar) showed a lower radial velocity of mycelial growth for both fungi than that obtained with the culture medium WDA (wheat extract, dextrose and agar), commonly used as maintenance medium for Pleurotus spp. However, the type of inoculum support does not significantly influence the linear velocity of P. ostreatus mycelial growth, reaching 6.71 mm/day on wheat grains and 6.18 mm/day on peach palm leaves. Thus, when the inoculum based on peach palm leaves is utilized, the immersion water used for preparing this support can be used for preparing the PPLDA maintenance culture medium, diminishing the production costs of Pleurotus mushrooms. Data also showed that when Pleurotus sajor-caju was cultivated on peach palm leaves, using PPL as inoculum support, the fruiting bodies production parameters (Y = 47%, BE = 3% and Pr = 0.2 g/day) did not differ from that obtained using WG.

RESUMOEste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de biossurfactantes pelo fungo basidiomiceto Pleurotus sajor-caju CCB 019. A formação de biossurfactantes foi definida pela diminuição, ou seja, redução da tensão superficial (RT%) do meio de cultivo no tempo inicial e do caldo após o cultivo. Para acompanhar o crescimento micelial e a variação da tensão superficial (ΔT) do caldo de cultivo com o tempo, um biorreator de bancada (4 L) foi usado e as menores tensões superficiais ocorreram em seis dias de cultivo (144 h) (43,4 mN/m) no experimento B1 (T = 34 ° C, pH inicial de 3, agitação de 300 min -1 , aeração de 0,25 L. min -1 e utilizando óleo de soja comercial) e 192 horas (8 dias) (40,7 mN/m) no ensaio B2 (as mesmas condições de B1, mas usando óleo de soja residual de fritura). O índice de emulsificação para o experimento B1, em 6 dias, foi de 66,6% e para o experimento B2, em 8 dias, foi de 65,8%. Os biosurfactantes extraídos a partir dos experimentos B1 e B2 mostraram 12,0% ± 0,5 e 10,6 ± 0,6% de carboidratos, 7,4± 0,5% e 7,7 ± 1,0% de proteína, respectivamente. Na análise do espectro de FTIR, para ambos os experimentos, podem ser identificadas bandas confirmando a presença de carboidratos e de proteínas, também sugerindo a presença de lipídeos. Palavras-chave: Biossurfactantes, Pleurotus sajor-caju, cultivo submerso ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the production of biosurfactants by the fungus basidiomycete Pleurotus sajorcaju CCB 019. The biosurfactants formation was determined by the reduction of the surface tension (RT %) of the culture medium at the initial time and the culture broth at the end time. A bench top bioreactor (4 L) was used in order to monitor the mycelial growth and the ΔT in of the culture broth with time and lower surface tensions occurred six days of cultivation (144 h) (43.4 mN/m) in the experiment B1 (T=34 °C, pH Initial 3, agitation of 300 mim -1 , aeration of 0.25 L.mim -1 and using commercial soybean oil) and 8 days (192 h) (40.7 mN/m) in B2 experiment (same conditions B1 but using frying residual soybean oil). The higher emulsification index for the experiment B1 in 6 days was 66.6% and for the experiment B2 at 8 days was 65.8%. The biosurfactants extracted from experiments B1 and B2 showed 12.0% ± 0.5 and 10.6 ± 0.6% carbohydrate, 7.4 ± 0.5% and 7.7 ± 1.0% of protein, respectively. In the analysis of the FTIR spectra for both the experiment can be identified bands confirming the presence of carbohydrates and proteins and suggests the presence of lipids.