OBSERVATION OF ANOA (Bubalus depressicornis) ESTRUS CYCLE IN ANOA BREEDING CENTRE OF MANADO . Anoa is endemic to the island of Sulawesi and the biggest wild animal among fauna in Sulawesi. This anoa population is decreasing, so that the population needs sustainable conservation involving good reproduction management. The strategy of the reproduction management was knowledge of this animal reproduction cycles including estrus cycles of anoa at the Anoa Breeding Centre Manado. Objective of this study was to evaluate estrus cycles of anoa. Materials used in this study were four heads of female anoa at ages of 2.5, 6,5, 7 and 8 years old. Data were collected by focal animal sampling on each female anoa (Manis, Denok, Anna and Rita). Estrus detection was applied using non-automatically estrus detection method. Estrus observation was conducted daily at 06.00-18.00 Indonesian central time. Estrus anoa was detected on the basis of the visual estrus symptom (VES) and readiness of female anoa receiving the female to copulate. Rectal temperature was measured daily in the morning and afternoon using thermometer. Results showed that based on observation of VES revealed the estrus symptom including nervous, urination, shaking tail, reddish vulva, swelling vulva and transparent mucus from vulva, coming near male anoa, smelling the male genital, attempting to mount another anoa, being mounted by anotherand stands to be mounted by one of her herdmates. Estrus time period was a day with estrus cycles of 26 days (Manis), 30 days (Denok). Average of rectal temperatures was 41.7o C. It can be concluded that estrus cycles of anoa at Anoa Breeding Centre Manado was ranging from 26-30 days with estrus period was one day. Key words: anoa, estrus cycles, estrus symptom.
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF LIMOUSIN AND SIMMENTAL BULL BREEDSAT THE LEMBANG ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION CENTER. In order to provide the prominent bulls, the management process of animal selection was required for animal replacement stock. Animal selection was including the inspection of animal physical and sexual behavior. Based on this criterion, study was conducted to observe the sexual behavior of Limousin and Simmental breed bulls at the artificial insemination center in Lembang, Bandung. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristic of sexual behavior of the Limousin and Simmental breed bulls. The amount of 80 bulls consisted of 40 Limousin and 40 Simmental bulls at the age of 6 to 9 years old were used in this study. Data collections were conducted by focal animal sampling. Sexual behavior was observed during ten days at the time from 07.00 to 11.00 West Indonesian Time. Data collection were started at the period of bull was introduced into teaser.Based on t-test on sexual behavior of Limousin and Simmental bulls, the results showed that (1) The time need for courtship with teaser of Limousin bull was significantly shorter (P<0,01) compared with Simmental bull; (2) Time period use for the first time to start flehmen of Limousin bull was shorter significantly (P<0,01) compared with Simmental bull; (3) Flehmen frequency of Limousin and Simmental was non significantly.Based on the observation of sexual behavior, the Limousin bull need time of the 2,22 seconds to start courthip with teaser, while Simmental bull need time of 2,77 seconds to start courtship with teaser. The Limousin bull need time of 222 seconds to start flehmen, while Simmental bull need time of 239 seconds to start flehmen. The time periods used for the first time to mount teaser by Limousin bull were 214,87 seconds, while those by Simmental bull were 302,02 seconds. The flehmen frequency of Limousin dan Simmental bulls was similar of only one time during sexual behavior.Key Words :Limousin, Simmental, Sexual behavior, Lembang Artificial Insemination Center
EXPEDIENCY OF INCREASING PIG POPULATION BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION TECHNIQUE IN NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE.The objective of this study was to evaluate dominant factors affecting pig population breeding by artificial insemination (AI) in North Sulawesi province. Semen of boar (Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc breeds) were usedto mate the same breeds using AI.Data of 345 piglets from 33 sows were involved in this study. Reproductive data of sows and productivity of piglet form AI were observed at laboratory and field belonging to farmers in Minahasa regency. Pair data of male and female effect were analyzed by t-test for variables.Dominant reproduction factors affecting pig population breeding in North Sulawesi were includingservice per conception, Farrowing rate, AI service efficiency, and Farrowing index.Group of male and superior piglets were higher in productivity that those of female and inferior piglets. Preweaning Average Daily Gain (PW-ADG)groups of inferior (84.85g/h/d)were significantly lower compared with normal (86.59g/h/d), butnot significantly different with PW-ADG of superior birth weight group (85.64 g/h/d).PW-ADG.Thelitter size produced from semen bya boar naturally mated with the same sowsreached the average of 21 piglets per year, while those by a boar mated using AI technique with the same sowsreached the average of 225 piglets per year. Keywords:Artificial insemination. Pig reproduction, North Sulawesi province
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the combination of curcuma meal with maggot of insect larvae of Hermetia illucens on accumulative weight gain in native chicken. Methods: This study used 60 starter chickens, which were divided into two groups of 30 chickens as control group (P1) and the other one (P2) that received a supplement of combination of curcuma meals of 350gr/100 kg ration and maggot BSF of 150gr/100 kg ration which was maintained for fourth weeks. The ration was distributed ad libitum. Final weight gain was measured at the end of the study at the fourth week. The data obtained were analyzed by using t-test. The results indicated that the average body weight of experimental chicken P2 was 214 gr significantly higher (P <0.01) than in group P1 was 243 gr. This results show that maggot meal of H. illucens has an important nutrient content and has a positive effect when combining with curcuma meal which is able to increase consumption palatability which has a direct effect on local chicken weight gain. Conclusion: The combination between BSF maggot and curcuma meals supplementation could be applied to local chickens in supporting organic livestock production.
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