The fitness of groundwater has continued to deteriorate due to increasing population, commercialization, and urbanization, among others. Water quality can be assessed on physical, chemical and biological basis. This study evaluates the physicochemical properties and quality index of borehole water in Marmara and New site community of Wukari Local Government area using standard procedure. Result showed that the mean pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alkalinity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and nitrates were 6.6 and 6.9; 111.6 and 385 mg/L; 34.6 and 33.4 mg/L; 102.4 and 150 mg/L; 21.69 and 8.42 mg/L; 31.51 and 16.85 mg/L; 8.98 to 18.30 mg/L for Marmara and New site borehole water samples respectively and are within the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Marmara recorded the highest pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, TDS, alkalinity and nitrate while New site had higher total suspended solids, COD and BOD. WQI values of 86.03 and 80.22 were obtained in borehole water sourced from New site and Marmara respectively, rating the quality of borehole water in this study good and, on further purification, can serve for drinking and other domestic applications.
The majority of the world’s population relies on livestock as source of protein whereas the success of livestock production is reliant on availability of quality feeds which has been challenged by competition impose by geometric growth in human population. This study assessed the effect of molasses and urea treatment on the physical quality, proximate and amino acid composition of guinea corn silage as a means to augment protein content in guinea corn silage feed stocks. Guinea corn stalks samples collected randomly on farmlands around Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. After pulverization was divided into two portions and one portion subjected to molasses and urea treatment while the other served as control. Effect of treatment was assessed by estimating and comparing the physical quality, proximate and amino acid composition of the treated and untreated sample using standard methods. The result showed that the mean pH value became more acidic after treatment from 6.12 to 5.24. While the moisture, lipid and crude protein content were significantly increased due to treatment (P <0.05). There was also a significant elevation in amino acid content due to urea and molasses treatment in 14 out of the 18 amino acids determined at 95% confidence limit (P<0.05). And the total amino acid content of the silage sample was improved from 43.80 g/100g to 62.27 g/100g. The nature of amino acids in the treated silage (test sample) were in the order of prevalence total amino acid with acidic side chain (TAAA)>total amino acid with basic side chain (TBAA)>total aromatic amino acid (TArAA)>total sulphur containing amino acid (TSAA). The most concentrated amino acid was glutamic acid, an important amino acid responsible in building the immune system.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the synthetic electrical insulation fluid in transformers and capacitors, known to reduce the risk of fire hazards due to their high chemical stability and low flammability turned out to be environmentally hazardous. In this research, different techniques used to analyses Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in transformer oil including their qualification and identification processes have been outlined. 12 samples of transformer oils collected from various transformers from Kebbi state, Nigeria were investigated. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) method was used to treat the oil samples and extracts were analyzed on Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection (GC/ECD). No detectable PCBs were observed. To check the efficiency the SPE tubes, oil sample A10 was spiked with Mix 525 of PCB standard and treated. A full recovery of all the PCBs of Mix 525 was made even at a level as low as 50ng/ul with GC/MS. The results obtained in this study confirm that transformer oil from Kebbi state is well within the safe level of PCBs in accordance with EPA PCB Regulatory limited.
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