Bioethanol is a renewable energy that can replace gasoline, which will run out in the future. This study investigates the influence of magnetization of bioethanol fuel on the fuel combustion temperature in the combustion chamber of a gasoline motor. The fuel used is bioethanol with a composition of E0 (pure gasoline), E10 (10 % bioethanol+90 % gasoline), E20 (20 % bioethanol+80 % gasoline), E30 (30 % bioethanol+70 % gasoline), E40 (40 % bioethanol+60 % gasoline). The fuel passed through the magnet with a magnetic variation of 647.15 Gauss, 847.25 Gauss, 1419.57 Gauss. The temperature sensor used is a K-type thermocouple. The temperature sensor was inserted in the combustion chamber to measure the combustion chamber temperature. The thermocouple data were recorded in Microsoft Excel on a computer using the LabVIEW program via NI-USB 9213 interface. The temperature data recorded is 400 data/second. The results obtained without exposure to the magnetic field, the lowest peak temperature of 577.1998 °C at E40 and the highest peak temperature of 582.1786 °C at E0. The higher the bioethanol content, the lower the temperature of fuel combustion to the low bioethanol viscosity. The increasing magnetic field strength will increase the combustion temperature; hence the fuel burned quickly and the combustion process is more perfect. The result obtained with the magnetic field exposure, the lowest peak temperature of 577.8347 °C is at E40. The highest peak temperature of 587.36 °C is at E0. The use of a magnetic field in the bioethanol fuel mixture can increase the combustion temperature so that the fuel molecules move freely and the fuel is more easily mixed with oxygen. As more fuel is burned, the combustion of the fuel becomes complete
The effect of the magnetization field on molecular interactions of the bioethanol-gasoline fuel blends was investigated. This technique was promoted to escalate both the increase in combustion energy and reduce emissions in the internal combustion engine. The bioethanol and gasoline fuel are used for the single-cylinder four-stroke engine with different mixtures, namely E0, E10, E20, and E30, serially. Distinguish of electromagnetic field strength with various intensity was given into the fuel by lower than 1,500 Gauss. The absorption intensity and the functional groups of the fuel molecules are characterized in detail by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The exhaust gas emission and the fuel blends energy are performed using a gas analyzer and calorimeter bomb. By increasing the magnetic field, the de-clustering of the fuel molecules is demonstrated by growing the absorption intensity to be advanced. There is no change in the chemical composition of the fuel as the magnetic induction was enforced. Reduction of namely Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen monoxide (NO), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) gas emissions was attained to be 29 %, 25 %, 26 %, and 31 % using a magnetic field of 1,419.57 Gauss, respectively, compared to gasoline fuel without magnetic condition. The greater reduction occurs by employing E30 fuel with the same magnetic intensity, achieved up to 38 %, 42 %, 70 %, and 63 %, regularly. The magnetization treatment leads to improved combustion quality with efficiency increases up to 11.32 %. It contributes to perfect combustion in a single-cylinder four-stroke engine system. Reducing gas emissions can also bring a good environmental impact in the life, although the heat energy gradually deteriorated as the fuel utilized more bioethanol blends
ABSTRAK Kekentalan suatu bahan bakar sangat erat hubungannya dengan yang namanya efisiensi suatu pembakaran yang terjadi di dalam mesin, baik itu mesin motor (otto) ataupun mesin diesel. Bahan bakar konfensional yang ada di pasaran tingkat kekentalannya masih terlalu tinggi. Maka dicobalah untuk membuat alat yang mampu menjawab masalah diatas, yaitu mengurangi tingkat kepekatan atau kekentalan dari bahan bakar yang ada. Alatnya berbentuk pipa dengan diameter sesuai kebutuhan dan dengan jumlah lilitan email sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Untuk mesin sepeda motor dan mobil tentunya mempunya karakter yang berbeda, maka pemilihan alat viscositasnya juga disesuaikan. Kata kunci : viskositas, email, bahan bakar, pipa.
Research related to the magnetization of fossil fuels is currently believed to be able to improve the quality of combustion due to the cluster decluster effect on the fuel. Fossil fuels are finite and non-renewable. Meanwhile, non-fossil energy, especially bioethanol, despite having more environmentally friendly exhaust gas emissions and higher octane rating than gasoline, has a lower calorific value than gasoline. To overcome this deficiency, the fuel magnetization of a mixture of gasoline and bioethanol is carried out. The fuel is used in 4 stroke injection motorcycles. Furthermore, the performance of the 4-stroke injection motorcycle was observed. the fuel mixture without magnetization was used as a control variable. The intensity of the electromagnetic field used is less than 2,000 Gauss, this is different from previous analysts. As a result, the magnetized motorcycle experienced an increase in torque of 4.48 – 7.30%, power of 4 – 9.90%, and a decrease in SFC of 6 – 9.20%.
One of the efforts to determine the quality of combustion on the egine is the dielectric constant, therefore the purpose of this study is to make a device to test the fuel dielectric constants and observe the effect of the magnetic field strength on the fuel dielectric constant, the dielectric constant measurement is done by measuring the capacitance through a capacitor plate made of copper PCB and LCR measuring instrument. Initial testing uses air as the object at the same time for calibration. Furthermore, the object used is a mixture of biodiesel and diesel fuel. these data are compared between the biodiesel dielectric constant without the influence of magnetism and with biodiesel fuel which is influenced by magnetic fields. The measurement results show thatThe dielectric constant value of the frequency range 0 Hz to 550 Hz has fluctuations up and down so that the value is random. The frequency range of 600 Hz to 2000 Hz dielectric constant tends to decrease exponentially as frequency increases. The greater the magnetic field given to the biodiesel fuel, the smaller the dielectric constant value. this means that the moment of the dipole is more directed so that the combustion process can take place better.Key words : magnet field, biodiesel, dielectric constanta.ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk mengetahui kualitas pembakaran pada engine yaitu konstanta dielektrik, oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat alat untuk menguji konstata dielektrik bahan bakar dan mengamati pengaruh kuat medan magnet terhadap konstanta dielektrik bahan bakar tersebut, pengukuran konstanta dielektrik dilakukan dengan cara mengukur kapasitansinya yaitu melalui plat kapasitor terbuat dari PCB tembaga dan alat ukur LCR. Pengujian awal menggunakan udara sebagai objeknya sekaligus untuk kalibrasi. Selanjutnya objek yang digunakan bahan bakar campuran biodiesel dan solar. Data-data ini dibandingkan antara konstanta dielektrik biodiesel tanpa pengaruh magnet dan dengan bahan bakar biodiesel yang dipengaruhi medan magnet. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa nilai konstanta dielektrik rentang frekuensi 0 Hz sampai 550 Hz mengalami fluktuasi naik turun sehingga nilainya acak. Rentang frekuensi 600 Hz sampai 2000 Hz nilai konstanta dielektrik cenderung menurun secra eksponensial seiring dengan bertambahnya frekuensi.Semakin besar medan magnet yang diberikan pada bahan bakar biodiesel semakin kecil nilai konstanta dielektriknya.artinya momen dipolenya semakin terarah sehingga proses pembakaran dapat berlangsung lebih baik.Kata kunsi :medan magnet, biodiesel, konstanta dielektrik.
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (Angin) atau yang lebih sering disebut PLTB di Indonesia merupakan salah satu pembangkit yang menggunakan energi terbarukan yaitu angin sebagai penggerak utama turbin. Turbin angin memiliki dua jenis yaitu Turbin Angin Sumbu Horizontal (TASH) dan Turbin Angin Sumbu Vertikal (TASV). Dalam kasus rancang bangun ini, digunakanlah Turbin Angin Sumbu Vertikal (TASV) dengan mengambil tipe Savonius karena memiliki drag yang lebih tinggi dari pada jenis turbin vertikal lainnya. Jalan tol merupakan salah satu jalur panjang dengan kepadatan rendah dimana mobil dapat melaju dengan cepat diatas 60 km/jam dan menghasilkan kecepatan angin sekitar 3 - 15 m/s. Dengan memanfaatkan kecepatan sebesar itu pastinya dapat menghasilkan angin yang cukup kuat untuk dapat menggerakkan turbin Savonius. Kecepatan putaran pada turbin Savonius ini nantinya akan dikonversikan oleh shaft yang dihubungkan dengan generator menggunakan pulley dan belt agar dapat menghasilkan listrik yang dapat digunakan untuk keperluan pada jalan tol, terutama jalan tol Jatiasih. Berdasarkan perhitungan pada desain turbin savonius, didapatkan daya turbin sebesar 232,63 watt dan diharapkan dapat menghasilkan daya listrik yang maksimal.
The transmission to be developed in this research a manual transmission type synchromesh which will be combined with the addition of replacement clutch in the form of cone. From the research of electric vehicles that have been carried out still retain the use of manual transmission for changing from conventional vehicles fuels oil by replacing the engine with a motor as a driver. This research was conducted to design synchromesh system on manual transmission which allows gearshift done without reduction of torque in one axis so as to produce gear shifting that does not experience slowing of vehicle to improve motor efficiency in electric vehicle. The mathematical model for the propulsion system is developed using the Matlab / Simulink software package, where the throttle engine angle and the power draw synchronously as a control signal to adjust the synchromesh in shifting then simulate, process and compare to obtain the effectiveness value of the control algorithm . The designs that have been made will be tested to obtain the optimal value of the transmission performance that has been designed. The simulation image of the development of the shift in the development manual transmission uses dynamic models of external and internal linkage, synchronization and drivetrain output.Keywords: transmission , efficiency, synchromesh, simulinkABSTRAKTransmisi yang akan dikembangkan pada penelitian ini adalah transmisi manual jenis synchromesh yang akan dikombinasikan dengan penambahan pengganti kopling berupa cone .Dari penelitian kendaraan listrik yang sudah dilakukan tetap mempertahankan penggunaan transmisi manual karena merubah dari kendaraan konvensional berbahan bakar minyak dengan menggantikan mesin dengan motor sebagai penggerak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendesain sistem synchromesh pada transmisi manual yang memungkinkan perpindahan gigi dilakukan tanpa pengurangan torsi di salah satu poros sehingga menghasilkan perpindahan gigi yang tidak mengalami perlambatan kendaraan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi motor pada kendaraan listrik. Model matematika untuk sistem propulsi dikembangkan dengan menggunakan paket perangkat lunak Matlab / Simulink , di mana sudut mesin throttle dan kekuatan menarik sinkron sebagai sinyal kontrol untuk mengatur synchromesh pada perilaku pergeseran, kemudian hasinya simulasi, diolah dan dibandingkan untuk mendapatkan nilai efektivitas algoritma control. Rancangan yang telah dibuat akan diuji untuk mendapatkan nilai optimal dari unjuk kerja transmisi yang telah dirancang .Gambaran simulasi pengembangan pergeseran pada transmisi manual pengembangannya menggunakan model dinamis dari eksternal dan internal linkage, sinkronisasi dan output drivetrain.Kata kunci : transmisi, efisiensi, synchromesh, simulink
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