Study design: Prospective, randomized and controlled study. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (LF-TENS) in the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A total of 33 SCI patients with neuropathic pain were included in the study. History, duration, localization and characteristics of pain were recorded. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to investigate the effect of LF-TENS four times during the day. Patients were randomly assigned to study and control groups. The study group was treated with 30 min of LF-TENS daily for 10 days while the placebo group with 30 min of sham TENS. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.55 ± 10.36 years. Out of 33 patients, 7 were tetraplegic and 26 were paraplegic. Twenty-three patients had complete SCI while 10 patients had incomplete injuries. Two groups were similar with respect to age, gender, duration, level and severity of injury. In the LF-TENS treatment group, a statistically significant reduction of the VAS values was observed, however, such an effect was not evident in the control group. Conclusion: This study revealed that in treatment of neuropathic pain of SCI patients, LF-TENS may be effective. Perspective: This article presents LF-TENS may effectively complement pharmacological treatment in patients with SCI and neuropathic pain.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of neuropathic pain and observe intensity alterations in pain with regard to time during the day in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Methods: A total of 50 SCI patients (M/F, 40/10; mean age, 35 ± 12 years) with at-level and below-level neuropathic pain were included in the study. All patients were examined and classified according to the ASIA/ISCoS 2002 International Neurologic Examination and Classification Standards. The history, duration, localization and characteristics of the pain were recorded. Neuropathic pain of patients was evaluated with the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire and LANSS (Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs) Pain Scale. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure the severity of pain four times during the day. Quality of life was analyzed with Short Form 36. Results: Out of 50 patients, 10 were tetraplegic and 40 were paraplegic. In all, 28 patients had motor and sensory complete injuries (AIS A), whereas 22 patients had sensory incomplete (AIS B, C and D) injuries. The most frequently used words to describe neuropathic pain were throbbing, tiring, hot and tingling. Pain intensity was significantly higher in the night than in the evening, noon and morning (Po0.05) (VAS morning: 5.16 ± 2.42, VAS noon: 5.24 ± 2.52, VAS evening: 5.80 ± 2.46 and VAS night: 6.38 ± 2.19). Conclusion: Neuropathic pain is a serious complaint in SCI patients and affects their quality of life. Neuropathic pain intensity was higher in the night hours than other times of day. This situation reinforces the need for a continued research and education on neuropathic pain in SCI.

DAs are associated with a small but substantial short-term risk of ICD development and a broad range of psychiatric symptoms in patients with prolactinoma receiving DAs.

Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic event that affects many facets of the injured people's lives. One aspect is sexual functioning. The purpose of this study is to identify the sexual problems of women with SCI and determine their level of knowledge about sexuality. Methods: Twenty-six women with SCI for longer than 6 months were evaluated. Demographic information, sexual experiences were surveyed. Patients were also asked if and how they received sexual health consultation after SCI. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Beck Depression Inventory were evaluated. Results: In this study, average age of the women with SCI was 32.96±8.23 years (22-50 years). Eight patients had regular sexual intercourse while one married woman did not have any sexual relationship after SCI. Twenty-four of the patients in the study received no information about pregnancy or sexual health after SCI. All women were willing to receive information about sexuality after SCI. These patients expected the doctors to start the conversation about sexuality rather than asking about it. FSFI survey revealed that all the patients had sexual dysfunction. A long-term disability can have a profound impact on a woman's innate sense of sexuality, sexual function and, occasionally, fertility. Various myths about sexuality and disability in society, such as 'disabled women are asexual, only independently functioning women can handle a sexual relationship, disabled women cannot be mothers, disabled women who are single are celibate' , results in the sexual well-being of disabled women being neglected. [3][4][5] Comparatively little research on sexuality in the population with SCI focuses specifically on the sexual concerns of women. 2,3,5,6 However, in recent years there has been growing acknowledgement of the sexual concerns of women with SCI. Despite this, the conveyance of this knowledge to the women with SCI appears to be insufficient. 6 Previous research has shown that the majority of women with SCI are dissatisfied with the amount and the quality of information about sexual functioning and sex life provided at rehabilitation centers. 1 The purpose of this study is to identify the sexual problems of women with SCI and determine their level of knowledge about sexuality and their condition in our country.

Aim of the study: To analyze the 100 most cited lung cancer articles published in biomedical literature in the last 44 years. We pointed out developments in lung cancer and aimed to create convenient access for the researchers of this dynamic field. Material and methods: We accessed the WoS database (accessed: 15.07.2019) using the keyword "lung cancer" between 1975 and 2019. The top 100 cited articles were analyzed by topic, journal, author, year, institution, level of evidence, adjusted citation index and also the correlations between citation, adjusted citation index, impact factor and length of time since publication. Results: A total of 240,701 eligible articles were identified and we chose the top 100 articles cited in the field of lung cancer. The mean number of citations for these articles was 1879.82 ±1264.78. The most cited article was (times cited: 7751) a study by Lynch et al. The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) made the greatest contribution to the top 100 list with 32 articles, and the most cited article also originated from NEJM. The highest number of citations was seen in 2017 with 18,393 citations while the highest number of publications was seen in 2005 with 12 publications. Conclusions: Oncology is a developing field and we have seen the evolution in this area through the treatment of lung cancer in recent years. The first 100 articles in our analysis not only reflect the landmark articles with the greatest impact on lung cancer research, but also acknowledge the most productive authors and institutions that have contributed to the list with their articles.

This study aimed to assess whether dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments are associated with a change in skeletal muscle area (SMA) and total fat-free mass (FFM) assessed by computed tomography (CT), and to compare the efficacy and safety profile of these treatments in patients with metastatic melanoma. Thirty-one patients treated with B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase/MAPK extracellular receptor kinase inhibitors were included between 2016 and 2019. Eighteen patients received dabrafenib/trametinib and remaining patients received vemurafenib/cobimetinib. CT scans were performed at baseline and at 4–6 months of follow-up to measure cross-sectional areas of SMA. FFM and skeletal muscle index (SMI) values were calculated. Of the patients, including 18 treated with dabrafenib/trametinib (58.1%) and 13 with vemurafenib/cobimetinib (41.9%); 58.1% were male, 41.9% were female and median age was 52 years. A significant decrease in SMA was observed after dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002, respectively). A significant decrease in FFM values was observed after dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002, respectively). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed in 35.9% of the patients with sarcopenia. No significant difference was seen between the dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib groups in median progression-free survival (PFS) (11.9 vs. 7.3 months, respectively, P = 0.28) and in median overall survival (OS) (25.46 vs. 13.7 months, respectively, P = 0.41). Baseline sarcopenia was not significantly associated with PFS or OS (P = 0.172 and P = 0.326, respectively). We found a significant decrease in SMI values determined at 4–6 months compared to the values before treatment both in dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib groups. DLT was similar with both treatments. Baseline sarcopenia was not significantly associated with PFS or OS.

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