RESUMO.-[Ultrassonografia em modo A e B na avaliação pré-operatória da lente e do segmento posterior de olhos de cães com catarata.] A ultrassonografia do segmento posterior do bulbo do olho é etapa indispensá-vel na avaliação de cães com catarata que serão submetidos à facectomia, uma vez que a oftalmoscopia não é factível quando há opacificação da lente, notadamente nas cataratas maduras. Este estudo avaliou as condições ecográficas da lente cataratogênica e do fundo de olho de cães cursando com catarata. Foram avaliados 30 cães (56 olhos), sendo 10 machos e 20 fêmeas, cursando com catarata em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. Realizou-se a ecografia em modo A e B simultaneamente. Os exames revelaram catarata cortical anterior, posterior e nuclear em 12 olhos (21,4%), catarata cortical anterior, posterior, nuclear e capsular posterior em 23 olhos (41%), catarata cortical anterior, posterior e capsular posterior em um olho (1,7%), catarata cortical anterior e nuclear Ultrasonography of the lens and posterior segment is an indispensable step in the preoperative evaluation of dogs with cataracts, since ophthalmoscopy is not feasible when there is opacification of the lens. This study evaluated the echographic conditions of cataractous lens and fundus of the eye in dogs affected by cataracts. The study was conducted in 30 dogs (56 eyes), 10 males and 20 females, with different types of cataracts at different stages of development. Echography in A and B modes, simultaneously, was carried out for the examination of the lens and posterior segment. The examinations revealed anterior cortical, posterior cortical and nuclear cataract in 12 eyes (21.4%), anterior cortical, posterior cortical, nuclear and posterior capsular in 23 eyes (41%), anterior cortical, posterior cortical and posterior capsular cataract in one eye (1.7%), anterior cortical and nuclear cataract in one eye (1.7%), anterior cortical, nuclear and posterior capsular cataract in five eyes (8.9%), and anterior cortical cataract in seven eyes (12.5%). Abnormal ultrasonographic alterations were observed in the posterior segment in 26 eyes evaluated (46.4%). Vitreal degeneration was detected in 12 eyes (21.4%), images of vitreal exudate or hemorrhage in seven eyes (12.5%), persistence of hyaloid artery in four eyes (7.1%) and lens subluxation in three eyes (5.3%). The results obtained reiterate the importance of ultrasonography in canine patients presented for cataract surgery given that alterations of the posterior segment are difficult to identify in a clinical examination when the lens is opacified. em um olho (1,7%), catarata cortical anterior, nuclear e capsular posterior em cinco olhos (8,9%) e catarata cortical anterior em sete olhos (12,5%). Alterações no segmento posterior foram observadas, à ultrassonografia, em 26 olhos avaliados (46,4%). Degeneração vítrea foi detectada em 12 olhos (21,4%), imagens compatíveis com exsudato ou hemorragia em sete olhos (12,5%), persistência da artéria hialóide em quatro olhos (7,1%) e subluxação da lente em t...
Chondrosarcoma accounts for about 10% of all canine bone tumors and is the second most common primary bone tumor in dogs. In veterinary medicine, chondrosarcomas are classified as skeletal and extraskeletal. Extraskeletal chondrosarcomas are mesenchymal neoplasms of soft tissues and visceral organs that produce neoplastic chondrocytes in a fibrillary matrix. There is no involvement of bone or periosteal tissues in extraskeletal chondrosarcomas. The aim of this report is to describe the first case of a metastatic intraocular extraskeletal chondrosarcoma in a dog.
Background: There is no hope of preserving vision at the terminal stage of glaucoma, and surgical treatment is indicated in these cases. Among the various surgical techniques used, eye evisceration with implantation of an intrascleral prosthesis provide the best cosmetic results. Even though eye evisceration with prosthesis implantation represents an excellent treatment option for terminal glaucoma, reports on the use of this technique in dogs are scarce in the current literature. The aim of this work is to report a case of a dog with end-stage glaucoma subjected to eye evisceration surgery and implantation of an intrascleral prosthesis. Case: A 7-year-old bitch mixed breed with a history of glaucoma secondary to uveitis with no response to medical therapy was referred to the Ophthalmology service of the University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra (HVUC), Portugal At the ophthalmic examination, the glaucomatous left eye was buphthalmic, with congested episcleral blood vessels, mydriasis, and posterior luxation of the lens; there was no response to threat or obfuscation, no direct and consensual pupillary reflex, nor pupillary reflexes to chromatic light. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 55 mmHg, and the Schirmer’s tear test (STT-1) result was 19 mm/min. Ophthalmoscopy revealed attenuated retinal blood vessels and a pale optic papilla with mild excavation. The right eye was functional, with all parameters assessed on examination and by tests within the normal ranges for the species. An ultrasound examination of the left eye confirmed the presence of posterior luxation of the lens and buphthalmia in the absence of intraocular neoplasm. In view of the patient’s history and results of the clinical examinations, a surgical approach was indicated to treat the glaucomatous eye. The patient’s tutor requested a surgical procedure that produced a more natural aspect; therefore, the procedure chosen was evisceration, with implantation of an intrascleral prosthesis. The prosthesis diameter chosen was 2 mm greater than the horizontal diameter of the cornea of the functional eye. After evisceration, a black spherical silicone prosthesis of 20 mm in diameter was implanted through a scleral incision. The eye surface was protected with a nictitating membrane flap. In the postoperative period, the cornea exhibited areas with neovascularization, pigmentation, and fibrosis, with a final aspect of gray to black in color. A reduction in tear production was also observed, with no other lesions on the eye surface or major complications. Discussion: Causes of secondary glaucoma include uveitis, disorders of the lens, and neoplasms, among other alterations. Glaucoma can cause clinical signs such as buphthalmic eyes, congestion of the episcleral blood vessels, and increased IOP with nonresponsive mydriasis. The presence of severe degenerative retinal alterations, such as atrophy and excavation of the optic nerve, causes irreversible loss of vision. Surgical treatment is indicated for end-stage glaucoma cases. Eye evisceration with implantation of a prosthesis involves replacement of the intraocular contents by a silicone sphere 1-2 mm larger than the healthy contralateral eye. Protection of the eye surface may be provided using additional procedures such as the nictitating membrane flap. The scleral incision may reduce corneal sensitivity and, consequently, reduce the tear reflex and cause a reduction in STT-1 values. After implantation of the prosthesis, the cornea may exhibit neovascularization, edema, fibrosis, and pigmentation; these are considered expected corneal reactions in the postoperative period. This surgical technique allows treatment of sore and blind eyes, and its results are more aesthetically pleasant compared to other procedures. Preservation of the eyeball with implantation of the prosthesis produced an excellent aesthetic result, with an appearance very close to natural in the case presented here. Keywords: surgery, glaucoma, intraocular prosthesis, silicone. Título: Prótese intraescleral em um cão - evisceração e implantaçãoDescritores: cirurgia, glaucoma, prótese intraocular, silicone.
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