A produção de uvas viníferas nas regiões de elevada altitude do estado de Santa Catarina é recente e há poucas informações disponíveis a respeito das características fenológicas e das exigências térmicas para as variedades utilizadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento fenológico e determinar as exigências térmicas das variedades Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc e Sangiovese. A área experimental foi instalada na Estação Experimental da EPAGRI, localizada em São Joaquim (28°17'39"S; 49°55'56"W, altitude 1.415m). Os estádios fenológicos avaliados foram início da brotação, floração, mudança de cor das bagas e maturidade nos ciclos produtivos de 2004/05, 2005/06 e 2006/07. A exigência térmica das variedades foi calculada empregando-se o somatório de graus-dia, considerando-se temperatura-base para a videira de 10°C. Na colheita, a maturação tecnológica foi determinada através das análises de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável e pH. O ciclo das variedades viníferas avaliadas na região de São de Joaquim é mais longo do que o observado em outras regiões produtoras do Brasil. A duração térmica é um bom indicador de desenvolvimento das fases do ciclo da videira. Para as regiões com altitude acima de 1.300m, deve-se dar preferência para o plantio de variedades com ciclos entre 15 de setembro até 15 de abril.

E.F. Gris, V.M. Burin, E. Brighenti, H. Vieira, and M.T. Bordignon-Luiz. 2010. Phenology and ripening of Vitis vinifera L. grape varieties in São Joaquim, southern Brazil: a new South American wine growing region. Cien. Inv. Agr. 37(2): 61-75. This study investigated the phenology and the ripening characteristics of Vitis vinifera grapes Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Sangiovese and Syrah in two consecutive vintages (2006 and 2007) in order to evaluate the adaptation of these recently cultivated varieties in São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.The phenological data observed, budburst, blooming, setting, véraison and harvest were monitorated. In order to monitor the ripening levels of pH, total acidity, total soluble solids, maturation index, total monomeric anthocyanins, total polyphenols index and color index were analyzed.The results show that the phenological cycle from budburst to harvest occurred within a frame time of 191 and 219 days and the heat summation requirements varied between 1,161 and 1,340 GDD. The summing of the GDD results during the phenological cycle of the grapevines (budburst -harvest) characterizes São Joaquim-SC as "Region I" (< 1,389 GDD), that is, a "cold region" in terms of the Winkler Regions.The climatic parameters influenced the grapevine phenology and the grape ripening. The results showed that these different grape varieties had typical characteristics at maturity and indicated that they have potential for the production of fine wines, suggesting that São Joaquim-SC is suitable for Vitis vinifera grape growing.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Santa Catarina State (SC) is a new grape growing region in Southern Brazil where 300 ha have been planted with <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. since 2000. The annual production of this region is 3,944 tons of grapes and 1,549,000 liters of wine.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: To evaluate the influence of climate and vineyard altitude on the phenology and ripening as well as the suitability of five new grape growing regions of SC for Cabernet-Sauvignon variety for two vintages (2005 and 2006).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Physicochemical analyses were performed on grape berries at 10-day intervals from véraison to harvest. Classification of the bioclimate according to the Winkler and Fregoni indices was also carried out for a long time period for these areas. Climate was strongly correlated with phenological precocity indices. Four Winkler Regions were established and the Fregoni index ranged from 402 to 1,466 for these regions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: A positive relationship was observed between altitude, air temperature and the annual vine cycle duration. In general, these Cabernet- Sauvignon grapes showed a good potential for winemaking mainly in Regions II and III of the Winkler scale.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: Given the present and possible future changes in the global climate, the wine industry may be required to find new locations for viticulture. In this context, this research presents new grape growing regions which are promising for the cultivation of <em>Vitis</em> <em>vinifera</em> grape varieties in Brazil.</p>

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho vitícola de 12 variedades autóctones italianas cultivadas a 1.400 m de altitude, em São Joaquim, SC. As seguintes variedades foram avaliadas em três ciclos: Prosecco, Verdicchio e Vermentino (brancas); e Aglianico, Aleatico, Ancellotta, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Montepulciano, Negroamaro, Rebo, Sagrantino e Sangiovese (tintas). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições de oito plantas para cada variedade. Os estádios fenológicos analisados foram: brotação, floração, mudança de cor das bagas e maturidade. No momento da colheita, avaliaram-se: produtividade e produção por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix), acidez total titulável (meq L -1 ), pH, e teores de antocianinas e de polifenóis totais. A amplitude térmica em torno de 10°C, durante a maturação, influenciou positivamente a qualidade da uva. As variedades brancas mais bem adaptadas às condições de São Joaquim foram a Vermentino e a Verdicchio, com produtividades acima de 3,9 Mg ha -1 , sólidos solúveis acima de 18°Brix e teores de polifenóis totais acima de 500 mg L -1 . As variedades tintas mais bem adaptadas foram a Sangiovese, a Sagrantino e a Montepulciano, com produtividades em torno de 6 Mg ha -1 , sólidos solúveis entre 19 e 21,5°Brix e teores de polifenóis totais acima de 780 mg L -1 . As baixas temperaturas durante a brotação e o volume de precipitação pluvial são os aspectos climáticos mais limitantes ao cultivo das variedades avaliadas, em São Joaquim.Termos para indexação: Vitis vinifera, desempenho agronômico, fenologia, maturação fenólica, maturação tecnológica, "terroir". Viticultural performance of native Italian varieties in high-altitude conditions in Southern BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the viticultural performance of 12 native Italian varieties, cultivated at 1,400 m of altitude in São Joaquim, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The following varieties were evaluated during three cycles: Prosecco, Verdicchio, and Vermentino (white); and Aglianico, Aleatico, Ancellotta, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Montepulciano, Negroamaro, Rebo, Sagrantino, and Sangiovese (red). A completely randomized design was used, with five replicates of eight plants for each variety. The phenological stages evaluated were: budbreak, full bloom, veraison, and maturity. At harvest, the following were evaluated: yield and productivity per plant, total soluble solids (°Brix), titratable total acidity (meq L -1 ), pH, and contents of anthocyanin and total polyphenol. Thermal amplitude around 10°C during maturation positively influenced grape quality. The white varieties better adapted to the conditions of São Joaquim were Vermentino and Verdicchio, with yields above 3.9 Mg ha -1 , soluble solids above 18°Brix, and total polyphenol contents above 500 mg L -1 . The red varieties better adapted were Sangiovese, Sagrantino, and Montepulciano, with yields around 6 Mg ha -1 , soluble solids between 19 and 21.5°Brix, and total polyphenol cont...

A macieira é uma fruteira de clima temperado que se caracteriza pelo fenômeno de dormência das gemas, necessitando de determinado número de horas de frio (< 7,2ºC) para abertura de gemas. No Brasil, São Joaquim-SC, é o local que apresenta as melhores condições climáticas para o cultivo desta espécie. Entretanto, não é correto afirmar que sempre apresenta horas de frio suficientes para satisfazer as exigências das cultivares. Foram desenvolvidos experimentos no ano 1998 e 1999, em microclimas específicos, que vão de 900 a 1400 metros de altitude, no município de São Joaquim -- SC, permitindo afirmar que apenas para a cultivar Gala, nos locais mais altos, acima de 1300 m, em anos acima de 2.300 unidades de frio, é dispensada a superação de dormência artificial.

Phenolic compounds are one of the main parameters of wine quality and contribute to the organoleptic characteristics, particularly color, astringency and body. In the highlands of southern Brazil, low temperatures and high accumulation of global solar radiation favor the synthesis of total polyphenols in grapes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the concentration of total polyphenols of 10 white varieties and 13 red varieties produced in high altitude regions of southern Brazil. The vineyard is located in the Experimental Station of Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Agency (EPAGRI), in the city of São Joaquim (28 • 16 30 S, 49 • 56 09 W, Altitude 1,400 m), the evaluations occurred in 2015/2016 growing season. The content of total polyphenols was determined as proposed by Singleton & Rossi (1965), using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, with spectrophotometer readings. Polyphenol content ranged from 283.56 to 1,387.31 mg/L for white varieties, the varieties with the highest concentrations were Greco di Tufo (1,378.31 mg/L), Trebbiano Toscano (995.59 mg/L) and Ribola Gialla (737.48 mg/L). For the red varieties, the total polyphenol content ranged from 523.87 to 4,929.57 mg/L, Ancellotta (4,929.57 mg/L), Uva di Troia (2,722.27 mg/L) and Croatina (2,410 mg/L) stood out for presenting the highest levels.

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different degrees of tolerance to infection by P. viticola among three genotypes with constitutive resistance in comparison to susceptible varieties Vitis vinifera. For this purpose two experiments was conducted at EPAGRI Experimental Station, located in the city of São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State, at 2015/16 cycle. In the first experiment on the field, were quantified the incidence and severity and downy mildew intensity was compared by epidemiological variables, on the tolerant varieties Bronner, Regent, Cabernet Cortis and the susceptible Sangiovese. On the second experiment forty leaf discs for the same tolerant genotypes and the susceptible variety Chardonnay were artificially infected with P. viticola sporangia suspension and after seven days of incubation the discs were examined and the degree of infection was estimated based on the intensity of sporangiophore formation. Sangiovese showed highest downy mildew intensity in comparison to the tolerant varieties Cabernet Carbon, Regent and Bronner. Under controlled conditions, the susceptible variety Chardonnay showed higher sporangiophore formation on discs leafs in comparison to the tolerant varieties. All the downy mildew tolerant varieties evaluated showed lower disease development in comparison with V. vinifera varieties.

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