A macieira é uma fruteira de clima temperado que se caracteriza pelo fenômeno de dormência das gemas, necessitando de determinado número de horas de frio (< 7,2ºC) para abertura de gemas. No Brasil, São Joaquim-SC, é o local que apresenta as melhores condições climáticas para o cultivo desta espécie. Entretanto, não é correto afirmar que sempre apresenta horas de frio suficientes para satisfazer as exigências das cultivares. Foram desenvolvidos experimentos no ano 1998 e 1999, em microclimas específicos, que vão de 900 a 1400 metros de altitude, no município de São Joaquim -- SC, permitindo afirmar que apenas para a cultivar Gala, nos locais mais altos, acima de 1300 m, em anos acima de 2.300 unidades de frio, é dispensada a superação de dormência artificial.
We have studied the characteristics of amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx) films as low dielectric constant materials for ultralarge scale integration. In this article the initial internal stress of a-CNx films is studied and discussed. The stress in a single-layer film on a substrate is determined using the measured radius of curvature and Stoney’s equation. a-CNx films are prepared by a reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering on the ultrathin quartz glass substrates. It is observed that the internal stress in a-CNx depends mainly on the substrate temperature increasing from about 10 to 50 MPa of compressive nature. These values are about one tenth of that for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) prepared by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
RESUMO -Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para estudar o efeito do anelamento e do paclobutrazol na produção e absorção de macronutrientes em pereira cv Packham´s Triumph, no munícipio de São Joaquim-SC, localizado a 1.400 m de altitude, em pomar comercial, utilizando plantas adultas.O delineamento utilizado no primeiro e segundo foi o de blocos casualizados. No primeiro estudo, foram utilizados sete tratamentos: 1)testemunha; 2) 1,5 g /planta do paclobutrazol, aplicados no solo; 3) 3,0 g/planta de paclobutrazol, aplicados no solo; 4 ) 4,5 g/planta de paclobutrazol, aplicados no solo; 5) anelamento simples (1 anel); 6) anelamento duplo realizado (dois anéis), e 7 ) anelamento pleno (um anelamento seguido de outro anelamento no mesmo local após a cicatrização do primeiro). No segundo experimento, os tratamentos foram: 1) -testemunha; 2) 2 g/planta de paclobutrazol, aplicados o solo; 3 ) 4 g/planta de paclobutrazol, aplicados no solo; 4 ) -1.000 ppm de paclobutrazol em aplicação foliar; 5 ) 2.000 ppm de paclobutrazol em aplicação foliar; 6 ) anelamento simples, e 7) anelamento duplo. A maior produção foi observada no anelamento pleno e no anelamento duplo. O anelamento teve maior efeito na produção do que o paclobutrazol, e este via solo teve maior efeito do que a aplicação foliar. Os tratamentos não influenciaram nos níveis de nutrientes no fruto, com exceção do potássio. O maior teor de potássio foi encontrado na testemunha que apresentou o maior tamanho de frutos. Termos para indexação: Pyrus communis L., anelamento, reguladores de crescimento. THE RING AND PACLOBUTRAZOL IN MINERAL NUTRITION ON PEAR (Pyrus communis L.) PACKHAM´S TRIUMPH CULTIVARABSTRACT -Two trials was conducted to study the effect of the ring and paclobutrazol in the production and mineral nutrition in pear tree Packham´s Triumph cv, in São Joaquim city, SC, south of Brazil, located in 1,400 m of altitude, in a commercial orchard, using adult plants .The experimental delineation used in the trials was of randomized blocks. In the first trial it was studied 7 treatments : 1) Control, 2) 1,5 g.tree -1 of paclobutrazol applied in soil application, 3) 3,0 g.tree -1 of paclobutrazol applied in soil application, 4) 4,5 g.tree -1 of paclobutrazol applied in soil application , 5) ring (one ring), 6) double ring and 7) full ring (one ring followed by another ring in the same place after cicatrization ).In the second trial, it was studied: 1) control, 2) 2,0 g.tree -1 of paclobutrazol applied in soil application 3) 3,0 g.tree -1 of paclobutrazol applied in soil application, 4) 1000 mg.l -1 paclobutrazol by foliar application, 5) 2000 mg.l -1 of paclobutrazol by foliar application, 6) one ring and 7) double ring .The highest production was observed in the full and double ring. The ring had greater effect in the production and the paclobutrazol soil application had greater effect than the foliar application. The treatments did not influence the nutrients levels in the fruit with exception of the potassium. The highest potassium level was found in the con...
The majority of pears cultivars with high quality fruits do not have good adaptation to the climate conditions of the southern region of Brazil, mainly due to the chill hours not being enough to fully satify the dormancy requirements. The elimination of 50% of the flowering buds in the plants, theoretically should dispose a higher quantity of reserves to the remaining buds, offering a better physiological state for these flowering buds, avoiding flower/fruitlet drop, as the vigor and shoot development occur because of the carbohydrate quantities which are received. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of flower bud thinning on the effective fructification increase of the cv. Abate Fetel. The experiment was developed at the Frutirol Agrícola company orchard at Vacaria city, Rio Grande do Sul State, on plants of the european pear cv. Abate Fetel, in August 2006. Eighteen plants were selected which received different treatments of bud thinning and six other plants, were kept as controls. The thinning treatments involved the removal of 50%, 70% and 80% of the flowering buds of the plants. After this, four branches were selected on each plant, counting the remaining buds.On the treated plants, only the buds on the branches were counted. The abortion levels were determined from the fruit counts. The experiment was conducted with randomized blocks, with six repetitions, and the percentages of fruits set was the variable analysed. The results indicated that a reduction of 80% of the buds guaranteed a higher percentage of effective fructification on the plants analysed. The other treatments did not show significant differences.
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