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The use of a combination of controled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI is an effective, cheap and safe method for treating infertility couples, especially couples with unknown cause infertility. Mild form endometriosis, as etiological infertility factor, has a negative impact on IUI success rate.

Background: Numerous studies have shown that high maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index is a strong, modifiable risk factor for preeclampsia. Overweight is associated with alterations in lipid concentrations and an activation of inflammatory markers and both of these metabolic abnormalities are characteristic of preeclamptic pregnancies before the onset of clinically evident disease. We investigated the relationship between early pregnancy and midpregnancy plasma lipid concentration and risk of mild and severe preeclampsia. Methods:The study included 400 participants, divided in three groups: control group (n=300 normotensive pregnancies); group with mild preeclampsia (n=67) and group with severe preeclampsia (n=33). Maternal serum collected at: 8-12; 20-24; and 28-32 weeks, was used to measure lipid profile. Results:The groups were similar with respect to age and parity. Women with mild preeclamsia had higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL than control subjects from the first trimester (4.28±0.53 vs. 4.74±0.74mmol/l; 1.37±0.3 vs.1.98±0.45mmol/l; p<0.05). HDL values were lower in preeclamptic group (1.38±0.21 vs. 1.16±0.24mmol/l; p<0.05). The values of cholesterol and LDL were most increased in the group with severe preeclampsia (5.48±0.91 and 2.36±0.6mmol/l), but HDL values were most increased (0.96±0.15mmol/l). This is in correlation with increased BMI, and this difference is maintained until the end of the pregnancy. Conclusion:Plasma lipid profile assay in first and second trimester of pregnancy is noticeable to predict probability and severity of preeclampsia, especially in combination with blood pressure values in the same periods.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of mild and severe PE on fetal growth and body proportion, measurement at serial ultrasound (US) examinations. Five to 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by preeclampsia (PE). Some forms of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have been etiologically linked to PE, based on similar placental disease-abnormal implantation. Materials and Methods:Women (n=400) who had singleton pregnancies and underwent two or more second-and third-trimester obstetric US examinations were included in our study. The women were divided in three groups: 300 normotensive pregnancies (controls), 67 pregnancies with mild PE (MP) and 33 pregnancies with severe PE (SP). Inadequate fetal growth was defined as growth at or below 10 th percentile. We calculated US measurements between fetuses from normotensive and PE pregnancies (MP and SP). Results:In newborns of women with PE, mean birth weight and length were lower than in births without PE. Fetuses in PE pregnancies from 26 week of gestation (wg) with US scan had lower biometric parameters vs. then of normotensive pregnancies, especially values of abdominal circumference and femur length. In PE pregnancies, there could be faster aging of placenta and oligohydramnion. This is time before clinical onset of PE. Conclusion:Our results support the hypothesis that PE is a heterogeneous disorder which involving placental dysfunction and IUGR, often with asymmetric fetal body proportion and reduced fetal length. The results suggest that US measurements of fetal size are important predictors for PE and birth outcomes. IntroductionPreeclampsia is a multi-system disorder of unknown etiology. Women with preeclampsia usually develop raised blood pressure and proteinuria. Preeclampsia is also associated with abnormalities of coagulation system, disturbed liver function, renal failure and cerebral ischemia [1]. PE is characterized by vasospasm, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and thus reduced organ perfusion [1,2]. Also, it's well known that PE is associated with reduced fetal size. Fetal growth is dependent on genetic, placental and maternal factors. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to a condition in which a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined potential size. The most widely used definition of IUGR is a fetus whose estimated weight is below 10 th percentile for its gestational age [3][4][5].IUGR occurs when gas exchange and nutrient delivery to the fetus are not sufficient to allow it to thrive in utero. This process can occur primarily because of maternal disease causing decreased oxygen-carrying capacity, a dysfunctional oxygen delivery system secondary to maternal vascular disease, or placental damage resulting from maternal disease [4][5][6][7][8].Ultrasound (US) fetal biometry is the most widespread method used to establish gestational age, estimate fetal size and monitor its growth. US fetal biometry is gold standard for assessing fetal growth. The most commonly used measurements are the biparietal diameter, he...

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Background: Worldwide, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (Rev Med Chile 2010; 139: 748-754).

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Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com disturbed liver function, renal failure and cerebral ischemia. PE is characterized by vasospasm, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and thus reduced organ perfusion [8].Pregnancy per se is a state of oxidative stress arising from the increased metabolic activity in placenta mitochondria and the reduced scavenging power of antioxidants [9]. The aetiology of PE is still not completely understood, although many facts of the disease have been illuminated. Endothelial cell dysfunction would seem to be the common denominator in the various stages of PE and appears to be present from the first trimester of pregnancy [10,11].Prediction and prevention of PE is a very important contribution for maternal health. The only guaranteed primary prevention of PE is avoidance of pregnancy; there are identified risk factors (maternal age, interval between pregnancies and maternal weight). Prevention of PE demands knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanism. Availability of techniques for early detection and intervention in the pathophysiological process are necessary. Finally, prevention of PE is a proper antenatal care which provides screening for hypertension and proteinuria, making intervention, such as timely delivers possible. With an organised antenatal care, such as found in most high in-come countries, the maternal mortality and serious morbidity have decreased.First step in prediction and prevention of PE is detection of women's level of risk for PE, based on factors in her history. Major risk factors for PE are: nuliparity, maternal age >40, prior PE, anti phospholipid antibody syndrome, family history of pe in first-degree relative, renal disease, chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, multiple gestations, strong family history of cv disease (heart disease or stroke in ≥2 first-degree relatives), obesity etc [1,3,12]. The maternal demographic characteristics, including medical and obstetric history, are potentially useful in screening for PE, but only when the various factors are incorporated into a combined algorithm derived by multivariate analysis [3].Blood pressure measurement is a screening test routinely used in antenatal care to detect or predict a hypertensive disease. Studies investigating the predictive accuracy of blood pressure measurement report conflicting results. In the period within 20 week of gestation the values of MAP over 85-90 mmHg and values of DBP over 75mmHg are an important predictive indicator for determination of the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, especially PE [13]. Regarding these conflicting reports, it is uncertain whether blood pressure measurement should be used routinely as a predictive test or should only be used to diagnose hypertensive disorders in pregnancy once they are suspected [14,15].Normal placentation is a process that starts in the first trimester and is more or less completed at the end of the second trimester. In PE, defective invasion of the spiral arteries by cytotrophoblast cells is associated with ...