Seron, BB, Oliveira de Carvalho, EM, and Greguol, M. Analysis of physiological and kinematic demands of wheelchair basketball games—A review. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1453–1462, 2019—In wheelchair basketball (WB), knowledge of the specificities of the game is essential for efficient planning of training strategies for high performance. This study aimed to review the literature concerning studies that have investigated physiological and kinematic measures during WB games. The literature search took place in 4 electronic databases: Scopus, MEDLINE–PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria for this review were as follows: (a) articles that evaluated the behavior of physiological and kinematic variables during WB games; (b) athletes aged at least 18 years; and (c) participants with a minimum of 1 year in the modality practice. The selected studies (n = 16) were divided into 2 groups: physiological analysis (n = 11) and kinematic analysis (n = 5). In analyzing the studies, it was observed that the WB game is very demanding in relation to cardiovascular requirements (∼65% of the time is spent in zones of high heart rate [HR] intensity and 70% of Vo 2peak). Edwards and Stagno methods seem to be adequate for the control of internal loads imposed on WB players, and moderate correlations were found between rating of perceived exertion measures and HR-based methods. Considering the methodological limitations, kinematic analysis in WB games is rather inconsistent (distance traveled between 2.6 and 5 km; average speed between 1.8 and 2.0 m·s−1; maximum speed = 4 m·s−1). Despite the gaps observed in this context, the execution of rotational movements seems to have great relevance for WB. We can conclude that different methods have been adequate for the internal load control in WB games. However, the results of the external demands are not enough to determine a profile nor to serve as parameters for the training prescription for athletes of the modality.

-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic and resistance training on the maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness of young people with Down Syndrome (DS). Forty-one individuals of both sexes with Down syndrome (age, 15.51±2.70 y) were divided into three groups: CG (control group) with 10 participants; ATG group (aerobic training group) with 16 participants; and RTG (resistance training group) with 15 participants. The training program lasted 12 weeks, with frequency of 3 days a week for ATG and two RTG, and duration of 50 minutes per session. Aerobic training consisted of exercise on a treadmill/bike at intensity between 50 and 70% of reserve heart rate, while resistance training was composed of nine exercises performed on three sets of 12 maximum repetitions for each exercise. Aerobic and resistance training were not able to increase peak oxygen uptake. However, there was an increase in the maximum ventilation and a decrease of submaximal heart rate only for groups who participated in the training program. Moreover, the aerobic group increased work capacity after training. Training programs led to an improvement in cardiac efficiency during submaximal activities and increased maximum ventilation, which demonstrates a cardiorespiratory improvement Key words: Cardiorespiratory fitness; Down syndrome; Physical exercise. Down (idade,15,51±2.70 Resumo -Objetivou-se investigar o efeito de 12 semanas de treinamento aeróbio e resistido na capacidade cardiorrespiratória máxima e submáxima de jovens com Síndrome de Down (SD). Quarenta e um indivíduos de ambos os gêneros com Síndrome de

The objective of this work is to describe and compare the behavior of cortisol in official wheelchair basketball matches according to the type of disability. This is a cross-sectional study in which 34 elite wheelchair basketball athletes were divided into three groups, based on disability (spinal cord injury, poliomyelitis, and amputation). Cortisol concentration (baseline, pre-, and post-game) and heart rate were analyzed in five official games. Heart rate data were stratified according to the Edwards method. Significant differences were observed in pre- and post-cortisol concentrations only for the amputated group. No significant correlations were found between cortisol variation and intensity ranges. Athletes with neurological damage were not responsive to wheelchair basketball in relation to salivary cortisol concentrations. The game intensity cannot be verified by the biomarker cortisol for all types of disabilities. It is necessary to pay attention to the energy availability for athletes with neurological injuries during the game and post-game recovery.

Aim: The present study aimed to identify the team variables that better determine victory in Brazilian basketball in a variety of game dynamics (close, even and disparate games). Methods:Team statistics including: accuracy of free-throws, 2-point shots and 3-points shots, offensive and defensive rebounds, assists, steals and lost balls, violations and committed and received fouls during 182 games of the Brazilian National Basketball League were analyzed by Discriminant Analysis. Results:Variables that determined overall victory were: defensive rebounds, assists, steals, committed and received fouls and 2-point, 3-point and free-throw accuracy. For disparate games, victory was determined by: defensive rebounds, assists, steals, 2-point, 3-points and free-throw accuracy. For even games, victory was determined by defensive rebounds, received fouls, assists, 2-points and 3-point accuracy. In contrast, no variables were able to identify victory for the close games. Conclusion:The current results have identified the most important team variables for victory in a range of games.