Combined anatomical MPFL and MPTL reconstruction with semitendinosus (ST) autograft using mini-invasive Relay Technique is safe, and its midterm results show significant clinical and radiological improvements with 96.4 % patient satisfaction and nil rate of recurrence.

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Tramadol addiction has evolved as an important cause of seizures that can result in shoulder dislocation. Anterior shoulder instability with TIS occurs mainly with higher levels of addiction and results in significant humeral and/or glenoid bone defects. The Latarjet procedure is recommended for these patients, after control of addiction, and provides 95% satisfaction at midterm follow-up.

Hand hygiene of health-care staff is one of the most important interventions in reducing transmission of nosocomial infections. This qualitative study aimed to understand the behavioural determinants of hand hygiene in order to develop sustainable interventions to promote hand hygiene in hospitals. Fourteen focus group discussions were conducted with nurses in 2 university hospitals in Egypt. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted by 2 independent investigators. The findings highlighted that nurses did not perceive the benefits of hand hygiene, and that they linked the need to wash hands to a sense of dirtiness. Knowledge of hand hygiene and related products was limited and preference for water and soap was obvious. Environmental constraints, lack of role models and social control were identified as barriers for compliance with hand hygiene. A multi-faceted hand hygiene strategy was developed based on existing cultural concepts valued by the hospital staff. RÉSUMÉ L'hygiène des mains du personnel de santé est l'une des interventions les plus importantes pour réduire la transmission des infections nosocomiales. Une étude qualitative visait à comprendre les déterminants comportementaux de l'hygiène des mains afin d'établir des interventions durables pour la promotion de ce type d'hygiène dans les hôpitaux. Quatorze discussions thématiques en groupes ont été organisées avec le personnel infirmier dans deux hôpitaux universitaires en Égypte. Les entretiens ont été enregistrés puis retranscrits. Une analyse thématique a été menée par deux chercheurs indépendants. Les résultats ont mis en évidence le fait que le personnel infirmier ne percevait pas les avantages de l'hygiène des mains, et qu'il reliait le besoin de se laver les mains à une sensation de saleté. Les connaissances en matière d'hygiène des mains et des produits à utiliser étaient limitées et la préférence pour l'eau et le savon était marquée. Les contraintes environnementales, l'absence de modèles à suivre et de contrôle social ont été identifiés comme des obstacles au respect de l'hygiène des mains. Une stratégie d'hygiène des mains multidimensionelle a été mise au point à partir des concepts culturels existants qui étaient importants pour le personnel hospitalier. ‫للتواصل‬ ‫اسرتاتيجية‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أساسية‬ ‫نات‬

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Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a commercial food improver and is widely marketed as a flavor enhancer. It is now utilized in many processed foods and by most fast-food chains. Honey is a potent antioxidant that acts in the body against many diseases. Objective: The aim of the current study is to investigate honey's ameliorative effect on kidney damage initiated by monosodium glutamate in adult male rats. Moreover, different polyphenolic compounds in the crude honey were evaluated. Material and methods: Forty adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups (N=6): The Control group was administered 1 mL of saline daily orally, the MSG group (30 g/kg on diet), the Honey group (2.5 g/kg body weight/day, orally) and Honey/MSG group as the previous for one month. Results: Urea, creatinine, and uric acid were significantly increased in the MSG group and decreased in the honey/MSG group compared to the control group. MSG markedly destructed glomeruli of the kidney and increased the immunoexpressing of nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-). Conclusions: Administration of crude honey attenuates and improves the kidney pathological changes induced by MSG.

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