Background: Neurogenic dysphagia is one of the most common dangerous disorders for patients with neurological diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of swallowing exercises on swallowing function for patients with neurogenic dysphagia. Patients and Methods: Research design: Quasi experimental (pre/post test) research design was used. Sample and Setting: A selected sample of 60 patients diagnosed with neurogenic dysphagia was recruited and also followed up for 2 months at neurology department and neurology outpatients clinic at neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery Assiut University Hospital. Each patient was oriented and trained by the researchers to know the effect of practicing swallowing exercises and received brochure to be oriented about its effect on swallowing function. Tools: Patients assessment questionnaire, functional oral intake scale, Bazaz dysphagia score, eating assessment tool-10 and the 8-point penetration-aspiration scale. Results: The study finding revealed a highly statistical significant improvement (p < 0.0001) post application of the swallowing exercises as regard all outcome measures; functional oral intake scale, Bazaz dysphagia scale, aspiration and complications. Conclusion: Swallowing exercises significantly improve swallowing function and decrease severity of neurogenic dysphagia, aspiration and complications. Recommendation: The swallowing exercises (brochure) should be utilized in neurology hospitals as a teaching guide for patients with neurogenic dysphagia.

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Regular exercises are of fundamental importance in the successful long-term management of Ankylosing Spondylitis. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a specific exercise program on spinal and joints stiffness for patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Design: Quasi experimental research design was utilized. Subjects: Random sample of adult patients (30), male and female, their age ranging from 20 -60 years old. Setting: Rheumatology and rehabilitation department and outpatients' clinics at Assiut University Hospital. Tools: Interview Questionnaire consisted of four parts; patient assessment, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Health assessment Questionnaire for spondyloarthropathies, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index. Results: statistically significant difference between pre and post-test mean score of bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (66.66 ± 6.29 and 37.66 ± 4.78) respectively with p. value (0.0001), health assessment questionnaire for spondyloarthropathies (45.333 ± 9.20 pre versus 22.066 ± 2.148 post) with p. value (0.006), and bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index with pre and post-test mean score (4.640 ± 0.870 and 1.413 ± 0.319) respectively with p. value (p= 0.0001).Conclusion: the specific exercise program has a valuable effect on patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis on their physical function, and stiffness (mobility of the axial skeleton). Recommendations; Applying the specific exercise program on the patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis at different rehabilitation units to decrease the spinal and joint stiffness.

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