Background and objective: Reproductive tract infections (RTI) can have serious consequences, such as miscarriage and infertility. Infertility is a growing universal phenomenon, "crossed nearly all cultures and societies almost all over the World", that has a tremendous impact on women's quality of life and their psychological well-being. This is due to various stress and anxiety factors experienced by them at each stage of their life. To decrease and prevent developing psychological distress the psychological aspects of infertility should be receive more attention. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence rate of reproductive tract infections and the psychological consequences amongst those women who were infertile in relation to their sociodemographic characteristics, fertility history, assisted reproductive technology (ART) and RTI. Methods: Interview questionnaire with a convenience sample of 399 infertile women who were admitted to inpatient wards and/or attending to outpatient gynecological and infertility clinics at University Hospital, Health insurance Hospital and general Hospital in Beni-Suef City. Results: About 27.6% of study subjects had reproductive tract infections. Socio-cultural factors, gynecological issues, reproductive tract infections aggravated psychological distress amongst those women who were infertile in Northern Upper Egypt. A highly statistically significant deviation was observed (p = .000). Conclusions: Negative psychological consequences of childlessness are common and morbid in Northern, Upper Egyptian infertile women. Furthermore, infertility and psychological distress are associated in a complex way, which has to be taken care by the nurses and the clinicians to promote the quality of life of the women undergoing infertility treatment.

Background: Improving quality of care has been a necessary goal for family planning programmes worldwide. Services should be convenient, accessible and acceptable to clients. In addition, it is essential to provide follow-up care to ensure continuity of services and an adequate logistics system to ensure continuity of supplies. Patient satisfaction is reportedly a useful measure to provide a direct indicator of quality in health care. Thus, it is needed to be measured frequently. Aim: To assess the association between quality of family planning services and client's satisfaction level in maternal & child health centers in Port Said city. Subject and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive research design included two main convenient samples were recruited in the study through 5 months, the family planning nurses (20) and clients attending these centers (240). The study was carried out at ten family planning clinics in ten centers representing the five districts of Port Said. Results: Statistically significant difference correlation was found between quality of family planning counseling of nurses practice and their number of received training program, the mean percentage of the client's (95.4%) were satisfied with family planning services. Conclusions: The number of received training program affects quality of family planning counseling of nurse's practice, providers of the services and the provided services affect the client satisfaction.

Background: Although dyspareunia is one of the common health issues, up-till-now it remains neglected in Eastern communities such as in Egypt, especially in Upper Egypt, where investigation or even taking of such problems is considered а taboo. The couples deny it on the grounds of shame; regardless of whether they feel а need for further consultation about it. Aim: Exploration prevalence of dyspareunia, its related factors, and its associated anxiety among Upper Egyptian women in Ɓeni-Ѕuef city, Egypt, Study the effect of counseling using PLӀSSӀΤ on dyspareunia and related anxiety. Subjects and methods: Α cross-sectional study using Counseling sheet following PLӀSSӀΤ model, Numerical Rating Scale, Calibrated scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: Of all the participants, 25.0% exposed to reproductive tract infection (RΤӀ), 23.5% had a history of gynecologic/pelvic surgery, 11.0% were menopauses, 86.5% were multipara. Of the 173 women, 52 % normal vaginal birth with episiotomy, 10.1% gave birth assisted by ventouse. Of 160 (76.9%) who were delivered vaginally, 65.3% had perineal tears. Person correlation coefficient test (г) illustrated, the greater the pain, the greater the anxiety, however, no statistically significant difference was found. Between the 2 mentioned variables. Progressive declining in dyspareunia, after counseling using PLӀSSӀΤ model, throughout 3-months follow up regardless sociodemographic characteristics, obstetrical, gynecological health and sexual behavior characteristics. Statistically significant difference between dyspareunia in pre/post counseling of at р-values <0.05. Conclusion: Our results confirm the strong link between dyspareunia and anxiety as well as the effectiveness of counseling using PLӀSSӀΤ model in the alleviation of women's dyspareunic pain and its associated anxiety. Recommendations: Active approaches are needed to overcome shame and embarrassment, and the stigma that may be associated with asking about common sexual health issues by activating the role of maternity health nurses in gynecologic clinics to enhance women's knowledge regarding sexual health issues.

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Background: Breast and gynecological cancer are the most common type of cancer in women and need rehabilitation programs to improve QOL. Aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of nursing intervention program on QOL improvement in women undergoing treatment for gynecological and breast cancer. Study design: A quasi experimental study design. Sample and settings: A randomly selected sample of 100 women diagnosed with gynecological and breast cancer who attended the oncology institute, and divided to two groups, the study group and control group. Tool structured interview questionnaire included socio-personal data, oncology treatment side effects record, reproductive concerns scale, female sexual function index, impact of event scale" cancer specific stress", and functional assessment of cancer therapy-general. Results: Quality of life of the intervention group with breast and gynecological cancer have been improved under the influence of the nursing intervention program. Conclusion and Recommendations:The nursing intervention program showed evidence of improved QOL, with a reduction in the sexual dysfunction, and lower stress levels. It was suggested to heighten awareness about the breast and gynecological cancer treatment-related side effects among the nursing staff.

Background: Approximately 10% of all pregnant women who experience an episode of threatened preterm labor requiring hospital admission and Tocolytic therapy may be considered for them. Nursing care is the main critical component of this therapy. Nurses' Knowledge deficit and poor practical skills regarding tocolytics and its administration, care, surely, will interfere with their ability to achieve consistent and positive patient care outcomes. Aim: The aim is to assess the impact of an instructional program on knowledge and practices of maternity nurses regarding pregnant women with tocolytics administration for inhibiting preterm labor. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used with all nurses (n = 30) working in the inpatient of obstetrics and gynecology department in all general hospitals in Port Said city. Tools: Three tools were used; structured interview questionnaire, pre/post-test knowledge assessment sheet and an observation checklist. Results: The mean age of the participant nurses is 30.6 ± 10.3. The majority (86.6%) of them had nursing secondary school. All nurses archived better scoring in both knowledge and skills after implementing the program than before it. A significant difference between pre and post-test was observed (p < .01). Conclusions: There is a progression of satisfactory score and regression of unsatisfactory one. The knowledge and practical scoring in the post-test are better than pre-test. This is mirrored the effect of the program. Recommendations: Continuing educational programs should be developed to teach and train nurses about the care of preterm, a complete assessment of maternal history, accurate examination of preterm labor and knowledge of tocolytics drugs.

Background: The benefits of breast milk are greatly enhanced if breastfeeding starts within one hour after birth. Hunan milk contains a host of dynamic and unique feeding properties. Breast engorgement is one of the most common minor discomforts confronting nursing women after delivery, especially Primiparous. The aim of the study was to investigate the breastfeeding knowledge and practices among primiparous women with a cesarean section and its impact on breast engorgement in Upper Egypt. The study was conducted in the postnatal unit of Beni-Suef University Hospital. The study design was a descriptive study. The type of sample was a simple random sample. The study comprised 90 Primiparous cesarean section mothers; suffer from breast engorgement. Tools of Data Collection were interview questionnaire sheet, knowledge assessment sheet, observational checklist, and engorgement assessment scale. The study revealed that the studied women's knowledge and technique of breastfeeding were not adequate among the whole study sample. Breast engorgement was more prevalent among the younger, less educated, housewives, low social class's women and those who were rural dwellers. Recommendation: Providing the mother with guidance and support on positioning and latching and modification of hospital practices are effective in reducing breast problems.

Aim: This quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an educational program of mothers` knowledge and practice about umbilical cord care; compare cord-cleansing using human milk versus alcohol 70% and povidine-iodine 10% on clinical outcomes of umbilical cord in healthy newborn. Subjects: Α total of 150 mothers who had just delivered with their newborn infants at the postnatal units at El-Fayoum University Hospital, Egypt, were recruited for this study. Tool: data was collected through а structured interview questionnaire; newborn follow-up sheet and an observation checklist. Results indicated that, before the intervention of the educational program, lake of satisfactory knowledge and practice among mothers in all groups related to cord care. The total mean scores for the immediate post/follow up tests of intervention educational program were statistically significantly higher (р<0. 001), compared to their pre-intervention of the educational program scores. Concerning newborn follow-up, there were highly statistically significant differences in umbilical cord base separation time, the sign of cord infection, bleeding continuation in mother milk group as compared with alcohol 70% and povidine-iodine 10% group. Conclusion: Educational program had а positive effect on mothers' knowledge and competency of their practice regarding umbilical cord cleansing. Topical application of mother milk on umbilical cord care leads to rapid cord separation time; diminish the umbilical cord infection as it can be used as an easy, cheap and non-invasive way for cord care. Recommendation: educational programs intervention regarding neonatal care is required during the period of antenatal visit. Researches to study the effect of newborn cord care practices on the incidence of newborn morbidity/mortality are required.