Background: Neurogenic dysphagia is one of the most common dangerous disorders for patients with neurological diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of swallowing exercises on swallowing function for patients with neurogenic dysphagia. Patients and Methods: Research design: Quasi experimental (pre/post test) research design was used. Sample and Setting: A selected sample of 60 patients diagnosed with neurogenic dysphagia was recruited and also followed up for 2 months at neurology department and neurology outpatients clinic at neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery Assiut University Hospital. Each patient was oriented and trained by the researchers to know the effect of practicing swallowing exercises and received brochure to be oriented about its effect on swallowing function. Tools: Patients assessment questionnaire, functional oral intake scale, Bazaz dysphagia score, eating assessment tool-10 and the 8-point penetration-aspiration scale. Results: The study finding revealed a highly statistical significant improvement (p < 0.0001) post application of the swallowing exercises as regard all outcome measures; functional oral intake scale, Bazaz dysphagia scale, aspiration and complications. Conclusion: Swallowing exercises significantly improve swallowing function and decrease severity of neurogenic dysphagia, aspiration and complications. Recommendation: The swallowing exercises (brochure) should be utilized in neurology hospitals as a teaching guide for patients with neurogenic dysphagia.

Background and objective: Renal stones are a common and recurrent condition that requires medical or surgical treatment; all have significant impact on quality of life. The objective of this study was to detect factors affecting quality of life, improve quality of life for patients with renal stones treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods: Research design: Prospective randomized controlled trail. Patients and methods: Random sample of 160 patients with renal stones planned for treatment by percutaneous nephrolithotomy at Assiut Urology and Nephrology Hospital were randomized into study and control groups. Study group (80 patients who received nursing interventions and patients education) and control group (80 patients who received routine hospital care). Their age ranged from18-65 years from both sexes. Tools: I Patient assessment sheet, II Rand short form 36 items questionnaire and III Teaching booklet. Results: Study group was showed a good improvement on quality of life after providing nursing interventions and patients education. Conclusions and recommendation: Nursing interventions and patients education for study group had a favorable effect on improving quality of life. Patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy should receive careful care and education to improve their quality of life.

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Background: Double J ureteric stent commonly inserted for stone management. However, stent-related side effects still a major issue. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of developing and implementing nursing educational program on outcomes of patients with double J ureteric stent. Patients and methods: Research design: Quasi experimental research design. Sample and setting: A sample of "60" adult patients undergoing double J ureteric stent insertion, their ages from "18 -65" years. Patients assigned into 2 groups, each group "30" patients. Odd number = control group while even number = study group. Nursing educational program (brochure) introduced to patients of study group by researchers while patients of control group was received routine hospital instructions. Tools: Assessment sheet and King's health questionnaire. Results: Urinary tract infection demonstrated statistically significant difference between the two groups. It occurred in 93.3% of control group patients versus 46.7% of study group (p < 0.001). Patients' responses to King's health questionnaire conveyed significant difference in quality of life between the two groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients education reduce double J ureteric stent relatedsymptoms and significantly reduce complications and improve quality of life. Recommendation: Nursing educational program (brochure) should utilized in urology hospitals as teaching guide for patients with double J ureteric stent.

Urinary stone disease is the third most common problem in urology clinics after urinary tract infections and prostate disease. Objectives: evaluate severity of complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and open surgery for large renal stones. Patients: 150 adult patients with renal stones more than 2 cm were distributed into two equal groups. Group A had PNL and group B had open surgery. Design: Quasi-experimental research design. Setting Assiut Urology and Nephrology Hospital. Tools: (1) Patient assessment sheet and (2) Clavien-Dindo grading system for classification of surgical complications. Results: No significant relation between the both group regarding complications, stone clearance and need for blood transfusion, while mean hospital stays showed significant relation between the both group. As a group (A) stay only 3.7±1.2 days in hospital after operation while group B stay longer time, 6.1±0.53 days after operation.Conclusions: Open renal surgery for large sized stones still has its role in selected cases with stone clearance and complications rates comparable to PNL. Recommendation: The choice between PNL and open surgery for renal stones should be individualized for each patient.

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