Chemical composition of the fresh and dried mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and their bioactive secondary metabolic products were studied. The ethanolic extracts of the P. ostreatus cultivated on rice straw supplemented by wheat bran were studied by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. A total of hundred and seven metabolites were detected in tested samples. These include 56 metabolites only detected in fresh sample, 37 metabolites only detected in dry sample, and 14 metabolites were detected in the both samples. The detected metabolites could be classified into nine chemical groups including 2 metabolites related to acids, 5 alcohols, 27 alkane, 3 amides, 27 esters, 8 fatty acids, 4 terpenoids, 29 heterocyclic and 2 phenols. The bioactivity of the metabolic products could be classified: anticholesterol, anticancer and essential fatty acids which support human health. On comparison between fresh and dried P. ostreatus samples, we found that the high number of metabolites was recorded in the fresh extract. Fifty five aroma compounds were recorded and including (27 esters, 9 ketones, 7 thiols, 5 alcholos, 4 terpenoids, 2 phenols and 1 aldehyde). The selenium content in P. ostreatus samples was measured by using ACAL -APR -51-00 test methods and showed that the fresh sample has 58.24 mg/kg but the dry sample has 100.31 mg/kg.
The
focus of this research was to understand the effects of formulation
and processing variables on the very-rapidly dissolving printlets
of isoniazid (INH) manufactured by the selective laser sintering (SLS)
three-dimensional (3D) printing method, and to characterize their
physicochemical properties, stability, and pharmacokinetics. Fifteen
printlet formulations were manufactured by varying the laser scanning
speed (400–500 mm/s, X
1), surface
temperature (100–110 °C, X
2), and croscarmellose sodium (CCS, %, X
3), and the responses measured were weight (Y
1), hardness (Y
2), disintegration
time (DT, Y
3), and dissolution (Y
4). Laser scanning was the most important processing
factor affecting the responses. DT was very rapid (≥3 s), and
dissolution (>99%) was completed within 3 min. The root-mean-square
error in the studied responses was low and analysis of variance (ANOVA)
was statistically significant (p < 0.05). X-ray
micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images showed very porous structures
with 24.6–34.4% porosity. X-ray powder diffraction and differential
scanning calorimetry data indicated partial conversion of the crystalline
drug into an amorphous form. The printlets were stable at 40 °C/75%
RH with no significant changes in assay and dissolution. Pharmacokinetic
profiles of the printlets and compressed tablets were superimposable.
In conclusion, the rapidly dissolving printlets of the INH were stable,
and oral bioavailability was similar to that of compositionally identical
compressed tablets.
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