Numerous prognostic markers were introduced to screen for patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) likely to have a progressive course, bearing the potential to facilitate risk-adapted treatment strategies. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) functions as a "natural adjuvant" that boosts immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39/ENTPD1) is the ectonucleotidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP. The present study was conducted to analyze CD39 expression in T cells and B-CLL cells to evaluate its impact on the clinical course of patients with B-CLL and correlate its levels with well-established risk factors. T-cell CD39 expression was significantly increased in patients' peripheral blood compared to healthy controls. The higher levels were associated with advanced stages of disease and negatively interacted with time to first treatment. Overall, our data indicate that T-cell CD39 expression may identify subsets of patients with B-CLL with an unfavorable clinical outcome. Moreover, it can be incorporated into prognostic schema to improve the prediction of CLL disease progression.

Background In order to improve the efficacy of endometrial carcinoma (EC) treatment, identifying prognostic factors for high risk patients is a high research priority. This study aimed to assess the relationships among the expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, and the different histopathological prognostic parameters in EC and to assess the value of these in the management of EC. Methods We examined 109 cases of EC. Immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 were evaluated in relation to age, tumor size, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and grade, depth of infiltration, cervical and ovarian involvement, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and lymph node (LN) metastasis. Results The mean age of patients in this study was 59.8 ± 8.2 years. Low ER and PR expression scores and high Ki-67 expression showed highly significant associations with non-endometrioid histology (p = .007, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively) and poor differentiation (p = .007, p < .001, and p <. 001, respectively). Low PR score showed a significant association with advanced stage (p = .009). Low ER score was highly associated with LVSI (p = .006), and low PR scores were associated significantly with LN metastasis (p = .026). HER2 expression was significantly related to advanced stages (p = .04), increased depth of infiltration (p = .02), LVSI (p = .017), ovarian involvement (p = .038), and LN metastasis (p = .038). There was a close relationship between HER2 expression and uterine cervical involvement (p = .009). Higher Ki-67 values were associated with LN involvement (p = .012). Conclusions The over-expression of HER2 and Ki-67 and low expression of ER and PR indicate a more malignant EC behavior. An immunohistochemical panel for the identification of high risk tumors can contribute significantly to prognostic assessments.

Combination of PTX and honey is an ideal measure for treatment of radiation-induced burn following breast conservative surgery.

The purpose of this prospective phase III study was to compare the role of concomitant chemoradiation using paclitaxel versus cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck cancers. Patients and methods: 52 patients were randomly assigned to one of the two concomitant chemoradiation arms: arm I (n=26) and arm II (n= 26) who received injection of paclitaxel 20 mg/m 2 I/V 1 hour infusion before radiation, repeated weekly for 6 cycles, and cisplatin 30 mg/m 2 I/V 1 hour infusion before radiation, repeated weekly for 6 cycles, respectively. The planned radiotherapy dose was 66-70 Gy, 1.8-2 Gy/day, 5#/Week in 6-7 weeks. Results: Response rates were 76 and 69.2% in arm I and arm II, respectively (P = 0.53). The hematological toxicity was generally mild. On the contrary, non-hematologic toxicities were severe. Grade III mucositis occurred in 32% in arm I and in 23.1% in arm II (P = 0.04). Moreover, grade III dermatitis were encountered in 28% in arm I and 11.5% in arm II (P = 0.03). The 2-year local-regional control figures were 60 and 57.1% in arm I and arm II, respectively(P=0.52) ; however the 2-year progression-free survival figures were 36.8 and 33.3% in arm I and arm II, respectively(P=0.43), while the 2-year overall survival figures were 56 and 50% in arm I and arm II, respectively (P = 0.68). Conclusion: Both concomitant chemoradiotherapy regimens were easily given in the outpatient clinic. The regimen based on paclitaxel was more effective; however, the difference was insignificant.

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