Pediatric arrhythmias represent around 55.1 per 100,000 patients assessed in pediatric crisis divisions. Patients with intrinsic coronary illness are at deep rooted hazard for the advancement of arrhythmias. The point of this investigation is to assess the rate and kinds of early postoperative arrhythmias after pediatric cardiovascular medical procedure. Strategies: The current investigation included 227 pediatric patients with intrinsic heart maladies made arrangements for careful repair.All patients will be exposed to Demographic information, Complete cardiovascular conclusion, Preoperative treatment,Operative system, Post-usable boundaries (electrolyte levels, oxygen immersion, blood pH, serum calcium, sodium, and potassium levels), and Electrocardiogram (ECG) , Echocardiography (ECHO). Results: there was slight female power in which female patients represented 52.9% of the complete accomplice, yet rate of arrhythmia was higher in male patients. the examination between the arrhythmic and non-arrhythmic gathering of patients uncovered a measurably critical distinction as respect of sexual orientation, with higher danger of arrythmia in male patients. There was a marginal relationship between more youthful age at activity and arrythmia too (p =0.055). In like manner, the examination between the arrhythmic and non-arrhythmic gathering of patients uncovered a measurably critical distinction as respect of BSA, with lower BSA in arrythmia gathering. End: Lower age, male sexual orientation, lower body weight, longer ACC time, longer mechanical ventilation, longer ICU remain, electrolyte irregularities, and biventricular physiology all are hazard factors for postoperative arrhythmias.Thus, specialists must consider these components preoperatively to have the option to recognize in danger populace and plan the postoperative consideration as needs be.
Introduction:The risk of mortality for pediatric patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) is 30fold higher than that for healthy patients of the same age. The main cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for 25-50 % of deaths in children and young adults with childhood onset CKD. Aim of the study:To study serum hepcidin level and its role in anemia and cardiovascular dysfunction in children with CKD, either on hemodialysis (HD) or on conservative therapy. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 20 healthy individuals and from 30 patients with CKD on regular dialysis (group I) and 20 patients with chronic kidney diseases on conservative therapy (group II).The levels of hemoglobin , serum ferritin, s. iron , TIBC, serum hepcidin, and echo parameters in form of fractional shortening (FS),l eft ventricular mass index (LVMI) and trans mitral to mitral annular early diastolic velocity ratio (E/Ea') ratio were determined and the correlation between them was studied. Results: There is a significant increase in the serum hepcidin levels in group I and group II than the control group. There was significant correlation between hepcidin and serum ferritin, s. iron, transferrin saturation, FS, LVMI, E/Ea' while there was a negative correlation between serum hepcidin and both hemoglobin and TIBC. Conclusion: Hepcidin level is a good biomarker for anemia and cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Even though congenital heart disease is a common finding in down syndrome (DS) patients, some of them have anatomically normal hearts. However, the term “normal” might not be suitable, as these patients usually suffer from functional cardiac dysfunction. Several research highlighted that despite the absence of anatomical heart defects, subtle cardiac function derangements are present in DS patients. We aim to assess cardiac functions by Two-dimensional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in pediatric DS patients who have anatomically normal hearts. One hundred seventy-two patients with karyotyping confirmed DS with anatomically normal hearts and 165 healthy normal control children were enrolled in the current study. Their cardiac functions were assessed using both 2-dimensional echocardiography and TDI. Both patients and controls had structurally and anatomically normal hearts. In DS patients, the right side of the heart showed a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic functions. Systolic dysfunction was evident by significantly decreased levels of Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and systolic wave by TDI. Diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle was evident by prolonged deceleration time by conventional echocardiography and a significant decrease in annular tissue doppler velocity during early diastole/late diastole ratio by TDI. The E/De ratio was significantly increased. Even with anatomically normal hearts, DS patients should undergo cardiac function assessment by echocardiography & TDI. TDI is superior to conventional echocardiography in detecting subtle cardiac dysfunction especially left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in DS patients. TDI showed a significant decrease in the early/atrial ratio of mitral valve annulus and prolongation of left ventricle isometric relaxation time in DS children. Also, the left ventricle E/De ratio was prolonged denoting elevated filling pressures and diastolic dysfunction. This indicates that the TDI has higher sensitivity to detect diastolic dysfunction than conventional Echocardiography. Biventricular TDI-derived myocardial performance index was found to be significantly increased in DS children.
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