The aim was to quantify the water requirements of Hymenocallis speciosa Salisb. plants grown in different growing media, i.e. clay, sand/clay, sand/compost (2:1, v/v) and sand/sewage sludge (4:1, v/v) with supplying the plants with different irrigation levels (low, moderate and high) according to field capacity of each growing medium used in every irrigation to asses the most suitable irrigation level for producing the best vigorous plant growth as well as for reducing the amount of water used in agricultural production and determine the best growing media used for producing plants with high yield and quality. Accordingly, bulbs of an average weight of 46 g and 10 cm diameter were selected and planted on March 12 th in plastic pots of 30 cm diameter under open field conditions in both seasons. The results emphasized that sand/compost (2:1, v/v) was the best medium used for improving vegetative growth and root parameters as well as most flower traits, bulbs productivity and chemical constituents of plant leaves and bulbs. Besides, it proved its mastery in shortening the time required from planting to flowering. Meanwhile, sand/clay (2:1, v/v) and sand/sewage sludge (4:1, v/v) were less efficient in improving plant traits and occupied the second and third ranks, respectively. In contrast, clay medium gave the least efficiency in this concern comparing with the other media used in the two seasons. Also, great influence was noticed on the above mentioned traits due to supplying plants either moderate or high level in every irrigation. Meanwhile, the lowest irrigation regime gave an intermediate effects on the same traits. Therefore, and from the interaction it could be recommended to use sand/compost (2:1, v/v) medium in plantation with supplying plants the moderate irrigation level in every irrigation for achieving high plant quality of Hymenocallis speciosa Salisb. plant, besides save a good deal of water for other purposes.
This work was carried out in the Tissue Culture Egypt from the period elapsed from 2014 to 2016 to study the effect of sterilization on propagation of Phytolacca dioica, L.. Results of this study could be briefed in the following outlines: Chlorox concentrations at 30 or 35 % gave the highest survival percentage of Phytolacca dioica, L.. In addition, soaking explants in the sterilant solution for 20 or 25 minutes resulted in the highest survival percentage. Similarly, the interaction treatment demonstrated that using chlorox at 35% for 25 minutes resulted in the highest survival%. In the multiplication stage it was found that using BAP at 10 ppm resulted in the highest number of shoots and leaves. BAP at 6 or 8 ppm induced the highest content of total chlorophyll. The longest shoots were a result of applying BAP at 3 ppm. Inoculating explants on half strength medium resulted in the highest values of number of shoots and leaves, as well as highest contents of total chlorophyll and carotenoids. MS medium at 3 quarters strength shared in the first position of number of leaves. The longest shoots were a result of using MS medium at full strength. The interaction between BAP levels and MS medium strength, indicated that using MS medium at half strength supplemented with BAP at 10 ppm produced highest number of shoots. The same medium strength with BAP at 8 or 6 ppm gave the highest contents of total chlorophyll and carotenoids. MS medium at 3 quarters strength combined with PAP at 10 ppm gave highest number of shoots and leaves. MS medium at full strength plus BAP at either 3 or 10 ppm resulted in the highest shoot length and number of leaves.
Turfgrasses are considered an important part of the landscape and ecological system of golf courses, sports fields, parks, and home lawns. Turfgrass species are affected by many abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, waterlogging, and heavy metals) and biotic stresses (mainly diseases and pests). In the current study, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) and Tifway bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy × C. Dactylon) were selected because they are popular turfgrasses frequently used for outdoor lawns and sport fields. The effect of the combined stress from both soil salinity and cold on these warm season grasses was investigated. Some selected organic and inorganic amendments (i.e., humic acid, ferrous sulphate, and silicon) were applied as foliar sprays five times during the winter season from late October to March. This was repeated over two years in field trials involving salt-affected soils. The physiological and chemical parameters of the plants, including plant height; fresh and dry weight per plot; total chlorophyll content; and nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and potassium content, were measured. The results showed that all the studied amendments improved the growth of seashore paspalum and Tifway bermudagrass during this period compared to the control, with a greater improvement observed when using ferrous sulphate and humic acid compared to silicon. For seashore paspalum, the highest chlorophyll content in April was recorded after the application of ferrous sulphate at a level of 1000 ppm. The current research indicates that when grown on salt-affected soils, these amendments can be used in warm-season grasses to maintain turf quality during cold periods of the year. Further research is needed to examine any negative long-term effects of these amendments and to explain their mechanisms.
This experiment was conducted at greenhouse of Horticulture Research Station, Mansoura, Egypt during the two consecutive seasons of 2017 and 2018. The aim of the present work was to improve plant growth, roots traits and chemical constitutes of the sky flower(Duranta erecta var. variegata) by using humic acid (HA) at the rates of 2,4 and 6 ml/l and salicylic acid (SA) at the rates of 100,150 and 200 mg/l as well as chitosan (CH) at the rates of 100,200 and 300 mg/l.The obtained results revealed that HA, SA and CH applications at any rate significantly improved plant growth characters (plant height, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weights per plant and leaf area) and root traits (root length and fresh and dry weights of roots per plant) when compared with control. In same time, all application treatments under study significantly increased total chlorophyll content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages in the leaves in comparison with control treatment (untreated plants). The best results in this connection (plant growth, root traits and chemical constituents) were recorded from 300 and 200 mg chitosan/l, followed by 6 ml humic acid/l then 200 mg salicylic acid/l during both seasons.
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