Two pot trials were conducted during the period of February 15 -October 15 of 2012 and 2013 seasons at two different locations, to evaluate the effect of soil type, sowing date and diluted seawater irrigation on: germination percentage in the first trial and on both plant vegetation and leaves chemical constituents of moringa (Moringa oleifera, Lam.) in the second one. The results showed that, generally, Kafr El-Sheikh area (Agricultural area where clayey soil and Nile River water is available) outperformed Balteem area (coastal area where soil is silty clay and seawater is available) in most studied characters. Lowest seawater ratios in Moringa oleifera irrigation water gave the best results for germination %, growth characters and some chemical and mineral contents as total green color, leaf protein, total carbohydrates, nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnessium whereas, the highest ratios gave the best results for phosphorus and sodium contents.

Essential oils of clove, cinnamon, ginger, marjoram and fennel were evaluated against microorganisms grown in preservative solution of Gladiolus hybrida cv. Peter pears spikes compared with AgNO 3 at 10 ppm and distilled water. The essential oils were used as additives to preservative solution at 500 ppm. Data showed that, using essential oils in preservative solution significantly decreased the microbial density, spike base rot and deteriorated florets and increased spikes vase-life. The highest number of open florets and spikes water uptake was recorded when AgNO 3 and fennel oil were added to preservative solution as compared with control. Although some essential oils i.e. clove and fennel surpassed AgNO 3 in some characters, AgNO 3 prolonged the flower longevity in vase more than all essential oils.

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Aim : Methodology :Results : Interpretation :The present study investigated the physiological responses and histopathological changes of larvae exposed to sublethal concentrations of sodium and calcium hypochlorite.The concentration of total protein, lipids and carbohydrates as well as activity of acetylcholinesterase were determined in larvae using colorimetric methods. The interaction between hypochlorite and fourth instars larvae of was followed through histological sections.The contents of total protein and total carbohydrates of all larval instars increased following treatment with sublethal concentrations of both hypochlorite compounds. However, treatment of larvae with 1/10 LC induced significant reduction in the total carbohydrate content. In addition, treatment of larvae with sublethal concentrations of both hypochlorite compounds induced significant reduction in the total lipid content. Furthermore, the acetylcholinesterase activity significantly decreased in treated first and second larval instars, while increased in treated third and fourth larval instars.In larvae treated with sublethal concentrations of calcium and sodium hypochlorite, the mid gut cells appeared thinner and flattened, with disappearance of the peritrophic matrix and reduced fat body. The presentstudysuggestedthathypochloritecompoundshadapronouncedeffectonlarvalmetabolicpathways.

A field trial was carried out during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University to study the effect of bio, organic and chemical fertilization on growth, seed yield, essential oil and its main components as well as some chemical constituents (N, P and K) of Caraway plants. Compost was applied at the rate of 10 m 3 /fed., during soil preparation. NPK, active dry yeast, seaweed extract, amino acids free and triamin plus were added as folair spray. The common agricultural practices i.e. watering, weed control, etc. were done whenever plants needed and the obtained results could be summarized as follows: Compost in combinations with active dry yeast or amino acids free or triamin plus significantly enhanced both Caraway plant growth and productivity of seeds or essential seed oil contents. GCM (gas chromatography) analyses for oil components shown the presence of ơ-guaiene, 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone, hydrocinnamic acid, α -gurjunene, chamigrene and caryophyllene in the seeds volatile oil. All treatments didn't succeed in improving the main components of the volatile oil (carvone) but the plants fertilized with seaweed extract treatment gave high means of most component of the volatile oil.