Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn. Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a severe disease and has high mortality rate. The clinical signs of EONS are nonspecific and the confirmation of diagnosis may consuming time. Therefore, the diagnostic approach is necessary by considering the risk factors. Objective: The aims of this study are to identify the risk factors of newborn infants whose mother has risk factors of sepsis affecting the occurrence of EONS. Methods: This is a cohort retrospective study, conducted from January 2013 to June 2014 in Neonatology Installation of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Makassar. The sample population included newborn infants whose mother has risk factors of sepsis. The information of the risk factors from infant and diagnoses of EONS was obtained from their medical record. Multivariate analysis and logistic regression formula were performed to predict the occurrence of EONS. There were 221 samples: 62 cases of EONS and 159 of control. Results: The results of multivariate analysis revealed 3 risk factors from infant which were associated to EONS: APGAR score <7 (p= 0.000, AOR 14.05 with 95% CI 5.48-35.98), gestational age <37 week (p= 0.000, AOR 13.45 with 95% CI 3.91-46.26), birth weight <1500 gram (p= 0.04, AOR 4.9 with 95% CI 1.08-22.25). Conclusion: Based on this study, it concluded that the risk factors of EOS were: APGAR score, gestational age and birth weight.

Purpose: To analyze risk factors and various nutrients associated with stunting among children aged 6-60 months. Methods: This is a case-control and cross-sectional study between 40 stunting cases and 40 controls. Data on possible risk factors associated with stunting were obtained through direct interviews and using a questionnaire. Examination of vitamin D, zinc, albumin, and ferritin levels was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) to determine risk factors for stunting and to assess the relationship between nutritional levels and stunting. Results: The incidence of stunting was highest in children aged 12-36 months. Children with low weight and very low weight for age comprised of 55% and 22.5%, respectively, of the study participants. The highest mother's educational level was junior high school (40%). History of low birth weight (LBW) was more commonly observed in the stunting group than that in the control group (25.0% and 7.5%, respectively; p=0.034, odds ratio, 0.310 [95% confidence interval, 0.122-0.789]). Approximately 7.5% of cases had premature birth. Exclusive breast feeding was found to be not correlated with stunting. The mean zinc level in the stunting group was 34.17 ng/mL, which was different from that in the control group (50.83 ng/mL) (p=0.023). Blood ferritin, vitamin D, albumin, and calcium levels were not strongly correlated with stunting. Conclusion: LBW is the main risk factor contributing to stunting and is strongly associated with low zinc level.

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Background: Infant mortality rate (IMR) was found to increase in the newborn. The most frequent causes of death are infection, prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), neonatal asphyxia and birth trauma, respectively. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) can be used as a marker of infection because of its faster, easier, simpler and cheaper nature. Objective: The study aims to identify the influence of an increase and decline in ANC on newborns from mothers with risk factors for early onset sepsis. Methods: This study was conducted as a a prospective cohort study from December 2013 to July 2014. The population included 120 newborns whose mother has risk factors of early onset sepsis and admitted to Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, and joined hospital. The subjects were divided into three groups, ANC <1800/mm3, ANC 1800-5399/mm3 and ANC >5400/mm3. Results: Newborn from mother with risk factor of infection with ANC >5400/mm3 and ANC 1800-5399/mm3 shows a significant difference with p = 0.000 (p<0.001); OR 8.143; IK 95% 2.440-27.173. Cut off point of 10.710-10890/mm3 was found from ROC analyses in ANC >5400/mm3 group with sensitivity and specificity 89.47% and 80.95% respectively; PPV (Positive predictive value) 80.95%; NPV (Negative predictive value) 89.47%; p=0.000; OR 36.125; IC 95% 5.820-224.224. Conclusions: Absolute neutrophil count >10.710/mm3 in a term newborn from mother with infection risk factors can be used as predictor for early onset sepsis 36 fold higher than the ANC <10.710/mm3.