RESUMO -O presente estudo consiste de uma revisão sistemática de estudos longitudinais que investigaram a associação entre bullying escolar e conduta infracional na adolescência e criminosa na idade adulta. Realizou-se uma busca bibliográfica em cinco bases de dados internacionais (ERIC, LILACS, Scopus, PsycINFO e Web of Science) e uma biblioteca eletrônica nacional (Scielo). Foram selecionados 13 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos trabalhos encontrou associação estatisticamente significativa entre bullying e cometimento de atos contrários à lei por adolescentes e adultos. Em alguns deles, a associação permaneceu significativa após o controle de outros fatores de risco na infância, sinalizando, assim, ser o bullying um fator de risco independente. Isso reforça a necessidade de se prevenir e enfrentar precocemente o bullying escolar.Palavras-chave: bullying, delinquência juvenil, crime, revisão de literatura Associations between School Bullying and Offensive Behavior: Systematic Review of Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT -The present study consists of a systematic review of longitudinal studies investigating the association between school bullying and offensive behavior during adolescence and criminal behavior in adulthood. A bibliographic search was conducted in five international databases (ERIC, LILACS, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science) and a national electronic library (Scielo). A total of 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Most studies report a statistically significant relationship between bullying and illegal actions committed by adolescents and adults. In some of the analyzed studies a significant relationship remained after controlling for other risk factors during childhood, indicating that bullying is an independent risk factor and reinforcing the need to address and prevent school bullying at an early stage.
Resumo Objetivou-se caracterizar uma amostra de adolescentes em conflito com a lei em relação ao consumo de substâncias e possíveis problemas associados. Participaram 120 adolescentes do sexo masculino, entre 13 e 18 anos, custodiados na Unidade de Atendimento Inicial da Fundação CASA, que responderam ao Drug Use Screening Inventory - Revised (DUSI-R). Análises descritivas indicaram que a maioria dos adolescentes teria feito uso de maconha (84%) e álcool (54%). Em relação ao padrão de consumo, 52% foram categorizados em uso abusivo ou de provável dependência. Quanto aos problemas associados ao consumo, os participantes possuem densidade média superior aos da população normativa nos dez domínios investigados pelo DUSI-R, com destaque aos Transtornos (M = 42), Escola (M = 50) e Pares (M = 55). Vale observar que 37% da amostra se declararam abstêmios, e que os desvios das densidades de problemas sugerem alta heterogeneidade nos níveis de necessidades/dificuldades, o que implica ultrapassar discursos que propalam a uniformidade dessa população.
Most young emits some antisocial behaviors; a minority, however, will manifest these behavior often, which may pose a risk to the persistence and aggravation of these, over time. Among the antisocial behaviors are criminal and use of substances behaviors. Studies show that substance use among the young offenders is higher than in the general population of adolescents and happens more worryingly. The purpose of this study was characterizing the offending behavior and the substance use, using data from a sample of 120 juvenile offenders. The adolescents were recruited in the context of initial custody, after the police report. They were invited to participate and their parents/guardians were contacted and asked to authorize their participation in the research, following the ethical standards. To collect data, we used: Sociodemographic Interview; Self-Report Delinquency Interview; DUSI-R (Drug Use Screening Inventory). Descriptive analyzes and subsequently Clusters tests were performed. To observe the internal and external statistical differences between subgroups, we used appropriate tests. Results revealed that teenagers have committed other offenses beyond that for which they were held in custody, most nonviolent. With regard to psychoactive substances, 84% reported having used and 70% use in the last month. Cannabis and alcohol was the substances with a higher prevalence of lifetime use and use in the month. The most adolescents who reported substance use in the past month, has quite frequent use of cannabis (more than 20 times). The pattern of substance use on average was: initial use to 12 years of age and simultaneous use of more than one distinct substance. The frequency use in the last month among these was substantially high, with everyday use. However, most adolescents have usage pattern considered abstinent and experimental and the major problems related to substance use was the relationship with "peers" and "school". The criminal engagement, taking into account the age of initiation of offenses, number of different offenses committed and overall frequency of crimes committed in life, contributed to the establishment of three clusters. The clusters was significantly diferentes in the substance use patterns, indicating a positive relationship between greater infraction engagement and standard more problematic use. The clusters also differed externally in the marjority of the DUSI-R constructs-eight of the ten constructs investigated by the instrument showed statistical differences. Different drug-crime relationships were noted; however, we can not be established with accuracy the direction of these relationship. Anyway, it was noted in this study the differences among the offenders in the two focused variables, which require some reflection on the need for for specialized and differentiated interventions.
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