À Marina Rezende Bazon, por sua notável contribuição ética, científica e intelectual na minha formação. À Ruth Estevão, por ter contribuído de forma decisiva, em diversos momentos, para a realização deste trabalho. E, principalmente, por tudo o que ela representa neste campo. Às instituições que participaram deste estudo e suas respectivas equipes, que me receberam e viabilizaram todo este trabalho. Trabalharei seriamente para que os avanços obtidos aqui sejam convertidos em conhecimento aplicável que ajudem a transformar a nossa realidade. Aos colegas de pós-graduação e de grupo de pesquisa (GEPDIP), que contribuíram em vários aspectos para meu desenvolvimento pessoal e também para o progresso desta dissertação:
RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi selecionar itens para composição da versão reduzida do Inventário de Jesness -Revisado brasileiro, instrumento específico de avaliação psicológica de adolescentes infratores. Foram utilizados dados de 954 adolescentes da população, com idades entre 11 e 18 anos, do sexo masculino. Realizaram-se análises do Modelo Exploratório de Teoria de Resposta ao Item (EMIRT) e, em seguida, do Modelo Confirmatório de Teoria de Resposta ao Item (CMIRT), para cada escala do instrumento, separadamente. Na etapa do EMIRT foram excluídos itens com α inaceitável; na do CMIRT mantidos apenas itens com α moderado ou alto. Denotou-se existência de subdimensões nas escalas, sendo que alguns itens se mantiveram em mais de uma escala. Chegou-se assim a uma versão com 86 itens.As estratégias adotadas permitiram selecionar itens com maior capacidade discriminativa/explicativa e a detectar subdimensões cujos conteúdos analisados preliminarmente propiciam avanço na compreensão dos construtos aferidos pelo Inventário.Palavras-chave: delinquência juvenil; avaliação psicológica; medidas da personalidade; teoria de resposta ao item. ABSTRACT -Development of the Reduced Brazilian Version of the Jesness Inventory -RevisedThe aim of this study was to select items for the composition of the reduced Brazilian version of the Jesness Inventory -Revised, a specific instrument for the psychological evaluation of juvenile offenders. Data from 954 adolescents of the population aged between 11 and 18 years were used. Analyses using the Item Response Theory Exploratory Model (IRTEM) and then the Item Response Theory Confirmation Model (IRTCM) were performed for each scale of the instrument. In the IRTEM stage, items with an unacceptable α were excluded and in the IRTCM stage only items with moderate or high α values were maintained. Subdimensions were found in the scales. This led to a version with 86 items. The strategies adopted allowed the selection of items with greater discriminative/explanatory capacity and the identification of subdimensions through preliminary content analysis helped in the comprehension of the construct.
Intimate partner violence is recurrent in the daily lives of many Brazilian women, but its characteristics are little studied in same-sex relationships. This article aims to characterize the manifestation of violence in homosexual relationships among women based on its typology and frequency and to analyze the possible associations between violence and social support. The sample consisted of 634 Brazilian lesbians adults aged 18 to 58 years who answered three online instruments: Brazil Socioeconomic Classification Criteria, Conflict Tactics Scales (Brief version), and Perception of Social Support Scale. Based on latent class analysis, we identified four significantly different classes in terms of patterns of violence suffered and perceived social support. The findings reinforce the finding that relationship intimate partner violence and social support is a heterogeneous phenomenon, in which the variables are not always directly associated.
The Inventário de Jesness – revisado brasileiro (IJ-R-Br) assess psychological aspects of adolescent offenders. The objective of this study was to obtain evidence of reliability and criterion validity of two IJ-R-Br’s subscales. The responses of 928 male adolescents to the IJ-R-Br and the Questionário de Comportamento Juvenis (QCJ) were analyzed. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman- Brown coefficient. The criterion validity, through the Student’s t-test, of chi-squared and relative risk analysis, was used to verify the association between high scores on measures and high indicators of infractional engagement (measured by QCJ). The accuracy scores were unsatisfactory only for three of 12 Inventory scales. Regarding the criterion validity, there are more adolescents with high indicators of infractional engagement in the group with high scores. It is opportune to conduct research with a population of teenage offenders.
Growing research indicates that police legitimacy is a strong predictor of whether people behave respecting or violating rules. Perceptions of legitimacy are an output of socializing processes through which individuals develop their values and orientations toward authorities and the legal system. Legal socialization studies show that encounters with legal authorities are critical “teachable moments” in this process. The present study verifies whether direct or vicarious negative contacts with police officers affect changes in the perception of the legitimacy of police authority by adolescents over time. The adolescents were classified according to whether or not they had witnessed or experienced any negative contact or experience with the police during the period before the interview, composing two group trajectories at the first wave, four at the second wave, and eight at the third wave. Then the trajectories were compared in terms of the extent to which they agree with statements about police legitimacy, allowing the quantification of changes of opinion after negative contacts with the police. Results show that three main factors diminish the perception of police legitimacy: having negative contact with the police; having more than one negative contact; and having a recent negative contact. These findings have important implications for police patrolling and approach strategies.
Funções Executivas (FEs) são processos mentais de ordem superior, necessários para o controle emocional, cognitivo e comportamental. A adolescência é uma etapa crucial para o desenvolvimento das FEs. Defasagens/Déficits nas funções dificultam/impossibilitam comportamentos sociais adequados e aumentam o risco para problemas de comportamento (dentre os quais a prática de delitos). O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma revisão integrativa do conhecimento científico produzido em torno das relações entre FEs e comportamento delituoso na adolescência e discutir as implicações disso para programas de prevenção e tratamento/acompanhamento socioeducativo. A literatura aponta que as FEs podem se relacionar com o comportamento delituoso de forma indireta e direta. Indiretamente, disfunções executivas contribuem para a existência de dificuldades de ajustamento ao meio acadêmico e laboral, aumentando as chances de o adolescente se afastar dessas instituições sociais, de regulação da conduta, e se envolver com práticas divergentes. Diretamente, disfunções executivas, especialmente no plano do controle de impulsos, contribuem para a emissão de delitos específicos e para a violência. A literatura indica que as FEs podem ser estimuladas e desenvolvidas. Ações preventivas podem ser implementadas desde os primeiros meses de vida até à adolescência, no âmbito da família e da escola. Ações de tratamento devem focalizar as FEs mais diretamente relacionadas aos problemas manifestos e levar em consideração fatores contraproducentes ao desenvolvimento das FEs, como o estresse, o isolamento social/emocional e a saúde como um todo. Salienta-se que é necessário integrar esses conhecimentos às legislações e políticas públicas brasileiras.
This work presents validation of the Jesness Inventory, particularly its revised version, to the Brazilian reality. It was developed by Carl Jesness, based on his clinical experience and research programs for juvenile offenders, to assess juvenile offenders, particularly to understand the functioning of their personality, offering clues to customize psychosocial intervention, and verification of results from this, in terms of changes in adolescents' beliefs/values and attitudes. Regarding the psychometric properties, the revised version showed an adequate internal consistency and temporal stability. For the evidence of validity, the results of the concurrent criterion and simultaneous validity were in agreement with those found in other studies, emphasizing the specific capacities of this instrument to distinguish adolescent offenders from non-offenders and properly classify them, denoting its quality in helping the diagnostic process. Research to verify predictive and construct validity is being carried out.
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