Elowni, E.E. and EIBihari, Sabir, 1979. Natural and experimental infection of the beetle, AIphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) with Choanotaenia infundibulum and other chicken tapeworms. Vet. Sci. Commun., 3: 171-173.
The American screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax has recently been reported in Libya (El-Azazy 1989). Fly larvae were cultured on blood agar at different temperatures (-5 degrees, 5 degrees, 18 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 37 degrees, or 40 degrees C). Larvae pupated at 18 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, or 37 degrees C, and the highest pupation (100%) occurred at 20 degrees C. Adult flies emerged from pupae that were maintained at 18 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, or 37 degrees C; the maximal eclosion (94%) occurred at 20 degrees C. Correlation of these findings with meteorological temperature data from local areas in which C. hominivorax myiasis occurs suggests a crucial role for temperature in the determination of the effective environment for this fly species.
Praziquantel was tested against mature (17-day-old) and immature (7-day-old) Raillietina tetragona in experimentally infected chickens using single oral doses of 10, 7.5, 5, or 2.5 mg/kg body wt. The compound showed potent anticestodal activity, with 100% efficacy at 10, 7.5, and 5 mg/kg against immature worms and an efficacy of 100% 97.1%, and 95% against mature worms when given at 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Residual worms surviving drug treatment had less biomass than the controls. Praziquantel appears to be well tolerated by chickens, and treated birds showed no clinical reactions at any of the doses tested.
Background:
Methylene blue was used as a vital stain for the assessment of viability of protoscolices from hydatid cysts taking advantage of the chemical nature of the dye as a redox indicator and the kinetically distinct molecular transfer systems of
Echinococcus
protoscolex for uptake of materials across the tegument.
Aim:
The present study attempts to validate the application of methylene blue staining for assessment of viability of protoscolices.
Methods:
To validate the criteria by which viability is assessed, control tests were performed using normal protoscolices and protoscolices previously treated with distilled water at 60°C for 5 minutes. Performance of methylene blue was further studied at intervals over a period of 50 minutes after protoscolex exposure using 1% dye concentration.
Results:
Normal protoscolices were able to adsorb and reduce the dye and have, therefore, lost the blue color. Protoscolices previously treated with warm water on the other hand, being functionally dead, failed to reduce the adsorbed dye and permanently retained the blue color. Results also indicated that a clear distinction between dead and alive protoscolices can be made within 1 minute. Reading of the test after 10 minutes would be misleading giving a false result.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that viability of protoscolices can be assessed on the basis of acquisition and loss/retaining of the dye blue color. Increasing the concentration of methylene blue to 1% was noticed to be associated with remarkable enhancement of contractility, sucker movement, and evagination. Such an excitatory action of the dye may be exploited in viability tests which adopt these criteria.
The role of several species of ants as intermediate hosts for poultry cestodes in the Sudan was investigated by a search for cysticercoids in specimens from poultry houses in various localities in the country. Pachycondyla sennaarensis, Messor galla and Acantholepis sp. were the only species collected from the areas surveyed. All these ants were examined for cysticercoids of poultry tapeworms but only P. sennaarensis was found to carry cysticercoids, all of which were identical to those of the poultry cestode, Raillietina tetragona. This tapeworm was recovered from all chicks fed the cysticercoids obtained from P. sennaarensis. R. tetragona cysticercoids were present in 63.3% of the P. sennaarensis sampled with 1-40 cysticercoids per ant, which is the heaviest recorded infestation of an ant species with these cysticeroids.
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