Studies on the screwworm flyCochliomyia hominivorax in Libya: Effect of temperature on pupation and eclosion

Abstract

The American screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax has recently been reported in Libya (El-Azazy 1989). Fly larvae were cultured on blood agar at different temperatures (-5 degrees, 5 degrees, 18 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 37 degrees, or 40 degrees C). Larvae pupated at 18 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, or 37 degrees C, and the highest pupation (100%) occurred at 20 degrees C. Adult flies emerged from pupae that were maintained at 18 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, or 37 degrees C; the maximal eclosion (94%) occurred at 20 degrees C. Correlation of these findings with meteorological temperature data from local areas in which C. hominivorax myiasis occurs suggests a crucial role for temperature in the determination of the effective environment for this fly species.

Patient with Tracheostomy Parasitized in Hospital by Larvae of the Screwworm,Cochliomyia hominivorax

“…Only the low winter temperatures may have caused an increase in the pupal stage. The mean temperature was 19.9 — 3.21 °C with 100% emergence in 12 days, which was very similar to data obtained by Elwaer and Elowni (1991), where pupation occurred at a temperature of ∼ 20 °C, and had 94% emergence under controlled conditions.…”

Spatial analysis of targeted surveillance for screw‐worm fly (Chrysomya bezziana or Cochliomyia hominivorax) in Australia

“…1,[6][7][8][9][10][11] This resulted in all locations within Australia being assigned a score of 1 • incorporating the likelihood of adult flies finding a suitable host by combining the known densities of cattle, sheep and pigs 36 with estimates of densities of feral goats, cattle, sheep, deer, dogs, foxes, cats, pigs and buffalo 37 and the estimated density of kangaroos. 38 Although this list does not include all suitable hosts, it was considered a suitable surrogate for the relative density of all mammals…”

“…• adding the raster maps for proximity to live animal export ports, all other ports and Torres Strait with weightings of 2, 1 and 1, respectively, based on expert opinion • incorporating the effect of high temperatures on the survival of adult flies by taking the mean of the quarterly mean minimum temperatures for spring, summer, autumn and winter and then converting the data to a scale where temperatures <38.5°C were scaled 1, temperatures >40°C scaled 0 and temperatures between these limits scaled linearly between 0 and 1. 1,[6][7][8][9][10][11] This resulted in all locations within Australia being assigned a score of 1 • incorporating the likelihood of adult flies finding a suitable host by combining the known densities of cattle, sheep and pigs 36 with estimates of densities of feral goats, cattle, sheep, deer, dogs, foxes, cats, pigs and buffalo 37 and the estimated density of kangaroos. 38 Although this list does not include all suitable hosts, it was considered a suitable surrogate for the relative density of all mammals…”

“…4 The geographic range of both species is dictated by climatic conditions and Australia remains the only continent with a suitable climate that is free of screw-worm fly. 1,2 Previous research has demonstrated that temperature, 1,[6][7][8][9][10][11] the type of vegetation 6,7,12,[14][15][16][17][18] and moisture levels (including rainfall, humidity and soil moisture) all affect screwworm fly abundance and survival. [5][6][7]12,14,15,[18][19][20] Knowledge of these factors and their effects on screw-worm fly distribution in southern Africa has allowed the development of a climatic model of the potential distribution of C. bezziana within Australia.…”

Metodologia de produção de moscas estéreis de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) no Brasil

“…Pupas de C.hominivorax, assim como de moscas-das-frutas, são esterilizadas já no final do estágio pupal (BAUMHOVER et al, 1955;DOWELL et al, 2005) e a emergência é atrasada durante o envio por causa das condições de hipoxia e de baixa temperatura. Qualquer atraso ou alteração da temperatura durante o transporte são considerações logísticas fundamentais, porque a qualidade final dos insetos pode diminuir significativamente, especialmente em relação aos parâmetros de emergência e hablidade de vôo das moscas (ENKERLIN;QUINLAN, 2004).…”